The Story of an hour Friday, 21 September 2018 Jonathan Peel JLS 2016

Kate Chopin 19th Century American From Southern USA, lived in Alabama. A very Conservative area with a social code based on race and gender Feminist writer Female characters often explore ideas which would offend polite society: race, marriage, sexuality, promiscuity Was not accepted by society due to the offensive subject matter of her work. Jonathan Peel JLS 2016

Genre of Short Story Condensed No back story No room to project forward High impact Especially good for conveying irony – Thomas Hardy and Roald Dahl for example Jonathan Peel JLS 2016

A SCASI approach : SETTING Time when, time era, place, nature No time of day is specified. The action takes around half a day at most. Intense The piece is set contemporaneously, somewhere around the turn of the 20th Century. What implications does this have for the gender politics of the writing? Most of the story takes place in her room… Jonathan Peel JLS 2016

In her room… She seeks privacy and solitude The room is not described but the “comfortable armchair” is. She will sit here to wait for the epiphany- why does Chopin stress its comfort? The window is open. What might this symbolise? Consider what she sees through it (nature) Jonathan Peel JLS 2016

Through the window Windows are often symbols of the boundary between an old and a new life: “liminality”. What she sees What this might symbolise Trees… all aquiver with new Spring life The notes of a distant song… reached her faintly Countless sparrows Patches of blue sky The sounds, the scents, the colour that filled the air Jonathan Peel JLS 2016

Character Focus is Mrs Mallard Looking for description in early sections of the tale: Quotation Effect Heart trouble ambiguous: implying both health and emotion She wept at once: Emotional and passionate Storm of grief Went away to her room alone Facing the open window… pressed down by a physical exhaustion… Jonathan Peel JLS 2016

Development The open window is the clue. What does she realise that the death of her husband will allow? She sobs continuously – what might this suggest? Why has she a “dull stare” prior to her epiphany? Jonathan Peel JLS 2016

Epiphany: “Free, free, free” Find as many concepts which connote freedom as you can. Once she recognises her potential freedom, how does Chopin show it taking over her entire being, in paragraphs 10&11? What is the significance of her being described as a “goddess of Victory”? What is the irony of the final sentence? What has she died of? Jonathan Peel JLS 2016

Action Not much happens: Mrs Mallard takes to her room and comes out again. She dies. Consider the description of the realisation of freedom. Can you find examples of the sensation seeming to have a sense of physical movement in paragraphs 9-12? Jonathan Peel JLS 2016

Style: Chopin writes with a range of emotive hyperbole, especially of adjective and of verb choice. Short paragraphs move the story forward to its conclusion Sentences are short and full of power due to the heightened language What is the significance of the few moment s of direct speech? Poetic diction is evident inn this heightened language and also in moments of alliteration and of assonance – “revealed-concealing”, “composedly carrying”… Se if you can find moments of antithesis and of repetition (including tricolon) Jonathan Peel JLS 2016

IDEAS: FREEDOM: from the constraints of marriage. Mrs Mallard loves her husband – note she will weep when she sees the “kind, tender hands” – he is not being held up as a figure of entrapment. The love is not consistent - “often she had not” She is free from the societal constraints of marriage, not freed from a brutal or unkind husband. Chopin equates this freedom with the “elixir of life”. Why? At the end of the tale, the joy of the freedom kills Mrs Mallard. What point may Chopin be making here? Jonathan Peel JLS 2016