US History Chapter 3.1

Objectives To identify some of the significant changes brought about during Thomas Jefferson’s presidency. To explain the causes and consequences of the War of 1812 To summarize the ways nationalism shaped American foreign policy, including the Monroe Doctrine.

Questions/Thoughts Do you believe that Americans should have been optimistic about the prospects for their nation in the early 19th century? What kind of things does a nation need in order to prosper? “Why should we weep to sail in search of fortune? Cheer for the West the new and happy land.” - Ignatius Donnelly What does the above quotation suggest to you about what could happen to the U.S. in the early 19th century?

Jefferson in 1800 Critical of John Adams and Federalists Grabbing too much power Leader of the Democratic-Republicans Brutal campaign in 1800 Ultimately wins after a tie with Burr

Election of 1800 A deadlock created a dilemma Burr and Jefferson were running mates but tied House of Reps had to vote for president Choose Jefferson – less scary 12th amendment passed Electors cast votes for president and vice president Proves USA is able to handle political change

Simplifying Government Jeffersonian republicanism – Jefferson's theory of government states that the people should control the government and that a simple government best suited the people Shrinks government Cuts army size Lower expenses on social functions Halted expansion of navy Rolls back Hamilton economics Eliminates all internal taxes, reduces influence of central bank Tries to reduce the role of Federalists in government By 1803 most government bureaucracy was more even balanced between Federalists and Republicans Jefferson Quote on Government

Supreme Court John Adams tries to fill the courts with Federalists Republicans angered and argue that several late appointments were invalid Marbury v Madison (1803) Marbury was one of Adams appointments Madison, Sec of State refuses to deliver papers Chief Justice John Marshall declares Judiciary Act of 1789 unconsitutional

Significance of Marbury v Madison Strengthened the Supreme Court Able to declare and act of Congress unconstitutional Becomes a cornerstone of American Law and Government

Real Estate Spain returns territory to France in 1762 Jefferson wants to purchase New Orleans as a port city Napoleon gives up on empire expansion into America Offers it for sale in 1803 Robert Livingston and James Monroe close deal for $15 million

Louisiana significance Jefferson concerned that the purchase was unconstitutional Jefferson believes that this will allow and “empire of liberty” to develop Formalizes a treaty and Senate ratified it The purchase more than doubles the size of the United States Jefferson, who wanted to minimize and decentralize the government, just expanded its power!!!!

LEWIS & CLARK Jefferson is eager to have new territory explored. 1803 – appoints Meriwether Lewis to lead an expedition, who chooses William Clark as second in command Lasts 2 years and 4 months Significant because it showed that transcontinental travel was possible. Also showed that settlement of the west was possible.

Question What were some of the significant changes brought about during Thomas Jefferson’s presidency?

Madison and the War of 1812 James Madison wins election of 1808 He is a republican Jefferson had been able to stay away from conflicts with France and England Enters USA into war with Britain to provide security for American commerce

Causes of war Impressment: British practice of seizing American ships at sea, and “Impressing” them into the British navy “War Hawks” from south and west demand war for after finding that Native Americans resisting westward expansion were being supplied with British arms.

War of 1812 Problems: Republican budget cuts leaves the military ill prepared Britain was preoccupied with Napoleon in Europe British take DC and burn the mansion down Battle of New Orleans Cements Andrew Jackson Treaty of Ghent signed Christmas Eve 1814

Consequences of War of 1812 Ends the Federalist Party which had generally opposed war Encourages growth of American industries to replace products no longer available from Britain Confirmed status of USA as a free and independent nation

Question What were the causes and consequences of the War of 1812?

Nationalism Nationalism is the belief that national interests should be placed ahead of regional concerns Regional concerns included slavery in the south and tariffs in the north east Idea put forth under John Quincy Adams

Territory and Boundaries John Quincy Adams wanted two things Security of the nation Expansion of territory Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817): England reduces Great Lakes fleet Convention of 1818: fixed northern border at the 49th parallel Reached a compromise with Britain to jointly occupy the Oregon Territory Adams-Onis Treaty 1819 – transferred Florida to USA

Monroe Doctrine Americans want to reduce European power in North America 1823 speech warns all European powers not to interfere with American affairs. Becomes a basis for American foreign policy Becomes an example of how the USA was becoming a stable nation. Regional differences would soon challenge national unity

Question Can you summarize the ways nationalism shaped American foreign policy, including the Monroe Doctrine?