THE GREAT ENEMIES OF ROME #2 SPARTACUS THE GREAT ENEMIES OF ROME #2

PREVIOUSLY… THE PUNIC WARS End in 146BC with the destruction of Carthage By this time Rome controls the whole Mediterranean GREAT ENEMIES OF ROME #1 – HANNIBAL BARCA Led a large invasion into Rome from Spain Responsible for the deaths of 100 000+ Romans LEGACY:

RESEARCH… Use the internet to research brief summaries of Civil/Human Rights movements, rebellions, revolutions etc. What was their goal? What was the cause? 15 minutes…GO!

GREAT ENEMIES OF ROME #2 SPARTACUS 73BC: SPARTACUS Thracian Auxiliary Soldier in the Roman Army Condemned to Slavery as a gladiator Spartacus and 77 others escape from the ludus (gladiator school)

THE 3rd SERVILE WAR As word spreads about Spartacus’s heroics other gladiators and slaves join his cause ROME: “130 Years Ago we crushed Hannibal…we can handle some slaves” Send 3000 Soldiers to attack the Slave Army of Spartacus Think it’s more of a policing issue then a big deal

SLAVES TAKE REFUGE ON MT. VESUVIUS

THE 3rd SERVILE WAR ROMANS Block the ‘only’ entrance down from the mountain. It’s cold and there's no supplies up there, intended to starve the Spartacus and his band of slaves into submission.

THE 3rd Servile War Spartacus’s Men create vines to rope down from Vesuvius outflank the Roman army and destroy them A 2nd Army is sent with 2000 Men, Spartacus’s army destroys them too. Popularity rises and upwards of 70 000 slaves and commoners join his rebellion

A SPLIT IN THE ARMY SPARTACUS Goal – Escape North over the Alps CRIXUS Goal – Stay in the south to plunder Roman states It is unclear in the histories whether either intended to invade the city of Rome

Meanwhile in Rome Senate panics over the size of the Rebellion Not just a policing issue like they originally thought Devote 2 full consular legions to defeat Spartacus & Crixus

Battles Continue The 1 Consular army defeats and kills Crixus The 2nd Consular Army attacks Spartacus and loses The remaining legion attacks Spartacus too, and they also lose.

Decisions, Decisions… With 2 Legions defeated Spartacus has an opportunity at an open shot at invading Rome… Decides to continue to head over the Alps and escape Italy WHY? He knew his forces were not trained soldiers, but only poor armed escape slaves

Marcus Crassus Brutal General gives control of 6 full legions plus the remainder of those previously defeated by Spartacus Executes those already defeated by Spartacus for cowardice

Crassus vs. Spartacus Crassus wins a series of smaller battles for Rome. Spartacus retreats towards Sicily with Crassus’s legions in hot pursuit…

Backstabbed Spartacus makes a deal with Sicilian pirates to transfer him and his 2000 men to Sicily where they would gather supplies and gather more troops Pirates accepted the payment then took off leaving Spartacus stranded Spartacus is stuck and builds a fortified stronghold in Rhegium

Siege Crassus begins the siege cutting Spartacus and his men off from their supplies RUMOR: The Great general Pompey is returning to Italy to bring reinforcements for Rome & Crassus SPARTACUS: Uh-Oh. How about a peace treaty Crassus buddy old pal? MARCUS CRASSUS: Eat it.

One Last Stand – 71 BC Thousands of Spartacus’s men run for their lives to the hill, 12 000 + are chased down and killed. Spartacus and his remaining soldiers make their last stand at Battle of Siler River but are crushed. Spartacus is killed but his body is never found

PUNISHMENT Crassus crucifies 6000 of the rebels along the road from Capua to Rome

LEGACY Often seen as the first human rights movement REALISTICALLY: He was fighting to get home and to defeat Rome not to end slavery.