Please get your DBQ together and turn into the tray Please get your DBQ together and turn into the tray. Make sure all group members’ names are on it. Remember, I need (per group): 1 set of questions 1 chart 1 essay 1 political cartoon (if applicable)

What caused WWI, and why did the US stay neutral (at first)? World War I What caused WWI, and why did the US stay neutral (at first)?

1. Militarism Glorification of military fuels arms race Prep for war (not ‘if’ but ‘when’) G vs. B @ sea, G vs. Fr vs. Rus on land New weapons

2. Alliances Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy Triple Entente: France, Russia, G.B.

3. Imperialism Competition for and amongst colonies Desire for global military power & political influence Esp. Germany

4. Nationalism Nationalism = devotion to one’s nation Nation should be of single ethnic group -- destabilized multinational empires (ex: Austro-Hungarian; Ottoman) What about ethnic minorities? Spread of Social Darwinism

The Spark Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand June 28, 1914 in Sarajevo, capital of A-H province of Bosnia Ethnic Serbs believed Bosnia belonged to Serbia, saw FF as tyrant Gavrilo Princip, of Black Hands, assassinated FF & wife Sophie http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/archduke-franz-ferdinand-assassinated

Fighting Begins Alliances = Chain Reaction Kaiser Wilhelm II (Germ) assures will support A-H A-H sends demands to Serbia… did not agree. A-H declares war on Serbia Schlieffen Plan: G’s plan for 2-front war vs. Fr & Russ at same time Surprise invasion of Fr through Belgium…. Brutal The Sides Central Powers: Germany + Austria-Hungary (later +Ottoman Empire) Allied Powers: Britain + France + Russia + Serbia (later + Italy + USA) In early August, Russia mobilized for war to help its ally Serbia against Austria Caused Germany to declare war against Russia France, Russia’s ally, promptly declared war against Germany Germany then declared war against netural Belgium, so that it could launch an invasion of France through Belium. GB had treaties with France & Belgium and immediately declared war on Germany

Deadly Technology Leads to Stalemate Western Front in France est. after Battle of the Marne (1914) Each side digs out & defends via trenches Immensely deadly – fighting strategies don’t keep up w/ weaponry Machine guns Gas: mustard, chlorine Torpedoes Rifles Tanks Submarines Artillery Planes Chlorine gas– causes burning sensation in throat, chest pains. Death is painful – suffocation. Mustard gas– most deadly. Fired into trenches in shells. Colorless, takes 12 hours to take effect. Blistering skin, vomiting, sore eyes, internal/ external bleeding. Death can take up to 5 weeks.

Trench Warfare Trench foot Rats Lice “No-man’s land” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P92guhd7d-8 Trench warfare

Wilson Urges Neutrality Distant quarrel; urged neutrality; in reality, most had preferences Many foreign-born & sided w/ home nation Most sided w/ GB & Fr (GB --- history, lang, trade; Fr– Rev War) & disliked G’s treatment of Belgium 3 views Isolationist  stay out Interventionist  step in w/ Allies (affects us) Internationalists  middle ground; work towards peace but stay out of war Wilson runs for re-election in 1916 on campaign slogan “He kept us out of war” Yet, prepared for war… just in case.

Neutrality  War GB blockades G, US ships can’t get through 1915: G’s U-boat sinks Lusitania (GB passenger ship, Americans onboard) 1917: G declares “unrestricted submarine warfare” 1917: Zimmerman telegram/note intercepted G proposed alliance w/ Mexico to get back lost territories in US US declares war April 6, 1917