Digital Elevation Models (DEM) Digital Terrain Models (DTM) / Digital Surface Models (DSM) Brief Review Applications in image processing: Inclusion in.

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Presentation transcript:

Digital Elevation Models (DEM) Digital Terrain Models (DTM) / Digital Surface Models (DSM) Brief Review Applications in image processing: Inclusion in queries and analysis Inclusion as layers in classification Feature extraction via topographic effects 3D modelling and visualisation

DEM data formats A. Discrete data Contour lines – from maps or digital files Mass points …. And break lines terms: http://www.satimagingcorp.com/svc/dem.html These can be interpolated into GRIDS (PCI etc..) Method of interpolation can have high impact on the DEM B. Continuous data Triangulated Irregular Networks (TIN) Raster grids –needed for remote sensing – should be ~same pixel size

DEM sources: global GTOPO30 ~1993 1km http://edc.usgs.gov/products/elevation/gtopo30/gtopo30.html

DEM sources Canada NTDB: 1:50,000 1950-90 25 – 100m pixels www.geobase.ca Aerial photography 1946 -> 2-5 m Municipal 1: 5,000 1 (usually contours) BC TRIM 1:20,000 25 1980s photogrammetry TRIM II breaklines 1995- Landsat MSS 1:250,000 80 1972- Satellite path overlap Landsat TM/ETM 1:100,000 30 1982- Satellite path overlap

DSM sources 2000+ Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) Feb 2000 30-90m

ASTER 1999 15 – 25m 0.78-0.86 microns

SPOT DEM: 2002 5-15m http://www.spot.com/web/SICORP/1809-spot-3d.php

Directed high res sensors- Ikonos 1999 2-5m http://www.satimagingcorp.com/galleryimages/ikonos-high-resolution-dem-eritrea.jpg

LiDAR 10cm – 10m (Mt.St. Helens) http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/images/content/67409main_dh2.gif

Photogrammetry: Tatras, Slovakia 2m

Anaglyph - Malaspina

DEM products Elevation 0- ? 16 bit (signed) Shaded relief 0-255 Slope 0-90 (if in degrees) Aspect 0-359 16 bit Incidence 0-90 requires orbital metadata Visual: Anaglyphs and 3D perspectives

DEM quality and errors Scale – Match with needs and imagery Type of terrain - pixel homogeneity Horizontal and vertical accuracy DSM or DTM ? Interpolation / resampling method – from points or lines? Null values and spikes Errors are more easily spotted from a hillshaded model

BC provincial DEM 1985 (1981-1989) – Homathko Icefield - mapplace BC provincial DEM 1985 (1981-1989) – Homathko Icefield - mapplace.ca or lrdw.ca

Assiniboine Spillway, MB http://www.gov.mb.ca/stem/mrd/geo/demsm/metadata.html

SRTM – ASTER comparison Sample area in Indonesia

Paper to review for next week http://www.geog.ucsb.edu/~kuzera/kuzera_rogan_eastman_1.pdf