Diversity in the plant kingdom © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS

Bryophyta Small terrestrial plants restricted to damp habitats Water is needed for fertilisation Spores ensure dispersal © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS

Bryophyta Hepaticae the liverworts Prostrate thallus with rhizoids www.flwildflowers.com/flwildflowers.html © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS

Bryophyta Musci the mosses Erect stem with leaflets +/- rhizoids © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS http://www.univ-ubs.fr/

Filicinophyta the ferns Water still needed for fertilisation Spores ensure dispersal Vascular plants Lignified tissue (wood) may be present Differentiated into: leaves, stem, roots, rhizome © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS

Filicinophyta procosara.org/san_rafael_en,photo,64?PHPSESSI... www.rook.org/earl/bwca/nature/ferns/index.html procosara.org/san_rafael_en,photo,64?PHPSESSI...

Coniferophyta the conifers Vascular plants Seed plants Seeds contain a food store for an embryo inside protective coat Seeds ensure dispersal Naked seeds born in cones http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2006/forest_changes_prt.htm © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS

Coniferophyta Araucaria sp. (Monkey-puzzle) http://www.nearctica.com/trees/conifer/places/eastern.htm Araucaria sp. (Monkey-puzzle) http://www.britannica.com/ebc/art-21824/Monkey-puzzle-tree

Angiospermophyta the flowering plants Vascular plants Seed plants Seeds protected by an ovary which becomes a fruit Fruit, a structure that encourages seed dispersal © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS

Summary Feature Bryophyta Filicinophyta Coniferophyta Angiospermophyta Common name Mosses Ferns Conifers Flowering plants Leaves Scales Yes Roots Rhizoids Vascular system No Woody tissue Small Waxy cuticle Damp habitats Water for fertilisation Seeds Cones Fruit © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS

Dicotyledons & Monocotyledons Angiosperms are divided into two groups The basic distinguishing feature are embryonic leaves (coytledons) Cotyledons are found in the seeds of these plants © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS

Dicotyledon seed Seed coat or testa Cotyledons acting as a food reserve Plumule (to become the first true leaf) Radicle (to become the first root) Micropyle © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS

Monocotyledon seed Seed coat Endosperm (food reserve) Cotyledon Plumule Radicle Endosperm (food reserve) © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS

Dicots v Monocots – other differences Dicotyledons Monocotyledons Tap roots and lateral branches Fibrous adventitious roots Net-veined leaves Parallel-veined leaves © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS

Dicots v Monocots – other differences Dicotyledons Monocotyledons Vascular tissue in a ring round the stem Vascular tissue scattered throughout stem Flowers with multiples of 4 or 5 organs of 3 organs Vascular tissue Pith Epidermis Cortex Vascular tissue © 2008 Paul Billiet ODWS