Manifest Destiny The Mexican American War & Territorial Acquisition http://dig.lib.niu.edu/mexicanwar/about.html

Louisiana Purchase: 1803 Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million. Jefferson wanted to make sure the U.S. had control of the Port of New Orleans and the Mississippi River. The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United States. The U.S. stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to the Rocky Mountains.

Florida: 1819 The U.S. wanted to take Florida from Spain because of attacks by Seminole Indians and runaway slaves in Georgia. In 1819, President Monroe sent General Andrew Jackson to Florida to help protect the U.S. border. Jackson invaded Florida and overthrew the governor of Florida. He had no direct orders from President Monroe. Spain gave Florida to the U.S. in exchange for $5 million and control of Texas.

Pro/Con Primary Source Use the Primary Sources to complete the chart on the Pro/Con of American Exansion.

Texas: 1830s Stephen Austin In 1821, Texas was a part of Mexico. Stephen Austin was an empresario = agent to bring settlers to Texas. Stephen Austin brought the first 300 families to Texas - known as the Old Three Hundred. By 1830, 25,000 Americans were living in Texas. They were required to become Mexican citizens and become Catholic. The Americans had to follow Mexican law. When Americans complained, Mexico closed Texas to further American immigration. Stephen Austin

Texas Revolution: 1835-36 Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna After Mexico closed Texas to Americans, Stephen Austin went to negotiate with the Mexican leader, Antonio López de Santa Anna. Austin was jailed, and the Texans revolted. In February 23- March 6, 1836, Mexico attacked the Texans at the Alamo. This 13-day siege resulted in the killing of all the Americans (except some women, children and slaves). In April, the Mexican army massacred the Texan rebels at Goliad. After the Alamo and Goliad, Sam Houston surprise attacked Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto. “Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad!” Texas won its independence. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Annexation of Texas President Polk Many Texans want to join the U.S. after it became independent. Mexico warned the U.S. to not annex, or take control of, Texas President Polk offered to buy California Mexicans were convinced the U.S. intended to take the entire continent. They refused to sell California. President Polk http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/fi/00000098.jpg http://www.kwanah.com/txmilmus/flags/eaglemt.htm

War With Mexico 1) Create your nametag 2) Read your role several times and memorize as much of the information as possible. Jot down some important facts. 3) Circulate the room. Use a different person for each question on your sheet. Its not a race take your time to talk with the historical figure.

The War Begins April 25, 1846 Mexican and American forces clashed in disputed territory Texas boundary dispute 11 American soldiers killed http://www.kwanah.com/txmilmus/flags/eaglemt.htm

The War Begins U.S. declared war two days later American armies moved into California, New Mexico, and Texas to defend territories California and New Mexico surrendered

Pro/Con Primary Source

Mexican American War: Invading Mexico Zachary Taylor at his encampment during the Mexican War Zachary Taylor led 6,000 U.S. troops into Mexico Santa Ana led an army of 20,000 Both met near Monterey in 1847 Santa Ana retreated http://www.exploredc.org/images/presidents/12_02.jpg

Battles Winfield Scott led navy to Vera Cruz and captured it on March 27 with 10,000 troops Mexican army made a last stand at Chapultapec Castle, Sept. 13, 1847 Los Niño's Heroes Mexico surrendered February 2, 1848 Battle of Vera Cruz fought in March of 1847 http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~sunnyann/veracruz.gif

The Mexican-American War, 1846-1848 http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/nashbrief_awl/chapter13/medialib/nash-visual22.gif

American Territorial Acquisition Emigrant party on the road to California http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Images/west.jpg

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Officially ended the Mexican-American War in 1848 Mexican Cession included present-day California, Nevada, and Utah, & parts of Arizona, New Mexico, & Wyoming Mexico was paid $15 Million Another $3 million in debt was forgiven Increased Size of the U.S. by almost 25% http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/forts/images/treaty.html

Settlement Mexicans in the cession areas were “protected in the free enjoyment of their liberty and property, and secured in the free exercise of their religion.” Americans began to flood into the Southwest Discrimination forced many Mexicans out of the territory High Taxes & Racism

Mexican Cession http://cla.calpoly.edu/~lcall/204/mexican_cession.jpg

Gadsden Purchase of 1853 U.S. paid Mexico $10 million for southern parts of present-day Arizona and New Mexico. This land was needed for the expansion of the Railroads. http://www.discoverseaz.com/Graphics/History/Gadsden_Purchase.gif

We Take Nothing by Conquest, Thank God Locate at least 5 passages from the reading that you find amusing, important, startling, moving, odd, confusing, etc. Write out each quote and your detailed reaction to it.

Agree or Disagree? The United States needed the Mexican Cession land. The United States is often a bully to other countries. All is fair in love and war. There is no way to always run a country fairly and democratically.

Manifest Destiny is Fulfilled The belief that the United States, having the best government and culture in the world, had the right and duty to control all lands from the Atlantic to the Pacific. It was also based on racism, that Americans were superior to Indians and Mexicans, which meant they had the right to these lands. http://www.colorado.edu/AmStudies/lewis/west/westwardho.jpg

Questions How did President Polk avoid war with Britain over Oregon? What were the causes & result of the Mexican-American War? How was the United States able to fulfill it’s “Manifest Destiny” through the Mexican-American War?