MODULE 2 – From Columns to Domes Introduction to structural shapes 1. “American Pavilion” – EXPO 67, Montreal.

What are we going to learn about in this module? The basic structural shapes that we will discuss throughout the term. “Architecture starts when you carefully put two bricks together. There it begins.” - Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1886-1969) 

From Columns to Domes The goal of this module is to expand your architectural vocabulary There are basic and not so basic structures that make up buildings We will only be doing a QUICK overview of SOME structures, from the lens of Architectural History You will learn MUCH more about structures in your Structures class Remember the first building we looked at: Who remembers the name of this building? Who remembers the name of the structural members that are holding it up? There are basic and not so basic shapes that make up the buildings that we see around us. The shapes have evolved and have built upon one another over time. NAME: The Parthenon STRUCTURAL MEMBERS: Columns + Beams https://www.oneonta.edu/faculty/farberas/arth/arth200/politics/parthenon.html

Introduction to Structural Shapes Columns are under various pressures, but one of the most significant is compression 2. OCAD University, Sharp Centre for Design. Toronto. 2004, by Robbie/Young + Wright and Alsop Architects

Introduction to Structural Shapes Simply supported beams are in tension and compression They are often supported by columns or walls The distance between its supports is called its SPAN

Introduction to Structural Shapes Here are some beams in action, supported in this case by columns The beams are supporting the roof structure 3. AaltoAlvari Aquatic Center in Jyväskylä, Finland. 1956, by Alvar Aalto.

Introduction to Structural Shapes Trusses act in a similar way to beams, but can be lighter, have longer spans, and have very interesting shapes 4. Kansai Airport Terminal, Osaka, Japan. 1994, by Renzo Piano Architects

Introduction to Structural Shapes The arch was built with stones as far back as the 2nd millennium BC in Mesopotamia, however it was the Romans that truly mastered its form 5. A’sur, northern Mesopotamia. 3rd millennium BC 6. Pont du Gard, Roman Gaul (now the South of France.) 1st century AD

Introduction to Structural Shapes The VAULT is an expanded arch Basically, it creates a roof

Introduction to Structural Shapes 7. Dining Room, Auditorium Building Hotel, Chicago. 1889, by Adler and Sullivan

Introduction to Structural Shapes The DOME exerts thrust (or pushes outward) in all directions 8. The Pantheon, Rome, Italy. AD 118-125, attributed to the emperor Hadrian.

RECAP SOME of the main structural shapes that we will be learning about include: the COLUMN the BEAM the TRUSS the ARCH the VAULT the DOME Feel free to have students draw the shapes on the board.

In-class Activity In preparation for Assignment 1, let’s practice USING ARCHITECTURAL LANGUAGE! In groups of 6, assign each person one of the following structural shapes: the COLUMN the BEAM the TRUSS the ARCH the VAULT the DOME NEXT: each student should find an image of a building that demonstrates the structural shape they’ve been assigned. (You can help each other out!) THEN: as a group find three similarities and three differences amongst the buildings (Maybe each person can try to come up with one!) AND: When your team is ready, show/tell your professor what you’ve found. This should take about of 20 minutes.

Sources http://expolounge.blogspot.ca/2006/06/us-pavilion_30.html http://www.designboom.com/architecture/will-alsop-ocad-an-urban-manifesto-at-the-canadian-centre-for-architecture/ http://www.architecturaldigest.com/blogs/architects-eye/2015/03/alvar-aalto-aquatic-center-finland-slideshow_slideshow_item14_15 http://arch122.cankaya.edu.tr http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1130 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_aqueduct http://www.architecture.org/architecture-chicago/buildings-of-chicago/building/auditorium-building/ http://www.kenney-mencher.com/pic_old/18th_century/neoclassicism_architecture.htm