Mapping Monday Bellwork Name region 2, 8, 9, 11, & 15

Mapping Monday Bellwork 2: Caribbean 8: North Africa 9: Middle East 11: Central Asia 15: Oceania

Objective WWBAT: Discuss the major geographic advantages of Rome WWBAT: Discuss the overthrow of the Roman Monarchy and the construction of the Roman Republic

Interactive Notebook Setup 10/17/2016 Geography and origins of the Roman Republic This will be on one page

Establishment of the Republic Geography Establishment of the Republic Overthrow of the Monarchy Plebeians Patricians

Rome’s Unique Geography Based on our previous studies what geographic feature do you think Rome is sure to have? A RIVER! And boy does Rome have a river!

Rome’s Unique Geography We have seen multiple examples of geography having a tremendous role in shaping the civilizations we have already studied Well Rome is not exempt from geography and it’s influence We will start by discussing the geographic features of the Eternal City, Rome

The Source of the Tiber River at Mount Fumaiolo

Geography Rome was founded along the banks of the Tiber River The Tiber River is the 3rd largest river in Italy

Geography The Tiber served as an easy means of transportation to the sea for the Romans How do you think they could have used the Tiber to their advantage? Romans used the Tiber to bring grain from the North, import foreign goods, and move building goods

Geography Rome was founded about 15 miles from the coast This distance from the coast protected Rome from Pirates/Invasion However they close enough to coast for trade, food, ect because of the use of the Tiber

Geography Rome was constructed on 7 hills Aventine Hill Caelian Hill Capitoline Hill Esquiline Hill Palatine Hill Quirinal Hill Viminal Hill

Capitoline Hill

Palatine Hill

Geography The Seven Hills made Rome easy to defend early in it’s history Much like the acropolis of the Greek City-States citizens would flee to the hill during invasions

Geography Rome developed in fertile plain of Latium Rome was able to support a larger population than Greek city-states because of it’s larger farming areas in the plain of Latium These geographic features gave Rome major advantages in it’s creation and eventually it’s domination of the Mediterranean

Take a minute to look at this picture Take a minute to look at this picture. What are some potential benefits of the location of the Italian Peninsula?

Geography The Italian Peninsula in one of the most central land formation in the Mediterranean Sea This meant that the Italian Peninsula(ROME!) was at a crossroads between Eastern and Western Mediterranean making it ideally located for trade

Geography Once Rome became the power of the Mediterranean its central location was also beneficial Governing was easier because Rome’s central location Let’s go back to the map to see why that is

At the Center of Things

Lupercal

Lupercal

She Wolf suckling Romulus and Remus

Aeneas, Anchises, Ascanius

Aeneas, Anchises, Ascanius

Overthrow of the Monarchy For approximately the first 250 (753–509 BC) years of it’s existence Rome was ruled by a series of 7 kings Sometimes these kings were foreign The final of these kings was the tyrannical Tarquinius Superbus For years feelings of resentment towards Tarquinius Superbus and the monarchy in general had been building in Rome

Overthrow of the Monarchy Things came to a head when Tarquinius Sextus (son of Tarquinius Superbus) raped the beautiful and virtuous Lucreatia Lucreatia told Lucius Brutus and Lucius Collatinus about the rape and then committed suicide

Overthrow of the Monarchy In 509BCE Brutus and Collatinus were rightly outraged and lead a rebellion against Tarquinius Superbus and the rest of the Tarquins The rebellions had tremendous public support and the Tarquins were exiled in 509 BCE Lucius Brutus

Establishment of the Republic Brutus had people make an oath no man would ever be king of Rome after expelling the Tarquins, thus establishing the Republic “By this guiltless blood before the kingly injustice I swear – you and the gods as my witnesses – I make myself the one who will prosecute, by what force I am able, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus along with his wicked wife and the whole house of his freeborn children by sword, by fire, by any means hence, so that neither they nor any one else be suffered to rule Rome.” Brutus

Establishment of the Republic Brutus and Collatinus were elected the first consuls of Rome in 509 BCE They would serve for only ONE year They reestablished the 300 member senate originally set up at the beginning of the monarchy Had previously been a weak oligarchy to carry out the wishes of the king

Plebs and Patricians Rome was divided into two groups Plebeians(or plebs) Small landowners, merchants, farmers, craftsmen Initially could not elect officials, consuls,ect Patricians Wealthy landowners Became the ruling class of Rome Could Serve in government

Plebeians Patricians Majority of the population Wealthy land owners Artisans, shopkeepers, small farm owners Citizens (male)– could vote, pay taxes, serve in army Could not marry a Patrician Could not serve in government Patricians Wealthy land owners Nobles that made up the ruling class Citizens (male)– could vote, had to pay taxes and serve in the army Could not marry a Plebian Could serve in government

An Ideal Roman Shortly after the overthrow of Tarquinius Superbus, the Tarquins attempted to retake Rome for themselves The plot was discovered and stopped However two of Brutus’ sons, Titus and Tiberius, were named as conspirators in the plot

An Ideal Roman Even though they were his sons Brutus still carried out his obligation as consul and defender of Rome His sons were condemned to death Brutus did nothing to interfere or prevent their death

The Death of Titus and Tiberius

An Ideal Roman What can we gather about the importance of Rome as compared to that of one’s family? ROME(The Republic) and it’s laws/defense are more important than one’s family Brutus demonstrated stoicism, a virtue which would be praised throughout Roman history