Unit 3: Unification and Imperialism

Nationalism and the Unification of Italy

Today’s Agenda Standard: W.13 Summarize the causes, course, and consequences of unification in Italy including the role of Giuseppe Garibaldi Objective: I can explain the events that led to the unification of Italy and the role of Italian nationalists including Mazzini, Cavour, and Garibaldi. Bellwork Video and Discussion Notes Who Done It? Activity Discussion Map Assignment

NOTES

What is Nationalism? Nationalism – A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country and/or people What are some elements of nationalism? What are some elements that make up a nation? Culture – Shared beliefs and a way of life creates a common bond History – A shared past connects people as a group Religion – A common religion helps unite people Language – A common language is a key element of nationalism Territory – A shared land gives people a sense of unity

Nationalism Develops When… 1. People become emotionally attached to the territory that they think of as home

Nationalism Develops When… 2. People identify themselves with the country’s past and future

Nationalism Develops When… 3. People speak the same language 4. People share culture (i.e. food, dress, etc.)

Nationalism Develops When… 5. Citizens work together for some kind of national cause Example: Independence

Types of Nationalist Moments Characteristics Examples Unification Mergers of politically divided but culturally similar lands 19th Century Germany 19th Century Italy Separation Culturally distinct group resists being added to a state or tries to break away Greeks in the Ottoman Empire State-Building Culturally distinct groups form into a new state by accepting a single culture The United States Higher Order Question: How is state-building still taking place in the United States? Answer: New immigrants adapting to U.S. Culture

Unification of Italy

Unification – the process of being united or made into a whole What is Unification? Unification – the process of being united or made into a whole Merging Culturally Similar Land

Factors Against Unification After the Congress of Vienna, Italy was broken into nine states. Getting all of these states to agree would be difficult. The Apennine Mountains run north and south, splitting the country in half. The Po River runs east and west, splitting the country in half. The Pope wanted to keep control of the Papal States. Other European countries didn’t want to see a strong Italy. This would upset the balance of power in Europe. Why was Italy divided up like we saw on the map?

Factors For Unification Nationalism Country had come together in a war against Austria to get back the provinces she had taken in a previous war Common History Roman Empire Birthplace of the Renaissance This gave the Italians a sense of pride and accomplishment

Factors for Unification B. Good Leadership Giuseppe Mazzini Camillo di Cavour Giuseppe Garibaldi

Giuseppe Garibaldi The “Sword” of Italian Unification (The Fighter) Organized the army called the Red Shirts to fight for unification Painting: What symbols of Italian nationalism appear in the painting? How does the painting show that Garibaldi used military tactics to help unify Italy? Does the painting portray Garibaldi as a successful leader? If so, how?

Camillo di Cavour The “Brains” of Italian Unification (The man with the plan) Founded nationalist newspaper, Il Risorgimento Formed alliances with France & Russia to drive Austria out of Italy Success inspired other Italian kingdoms to rebel

Giuseppe Mazzini Known as the “Heart” of Italian Unification (The Motivator) Formed and organized Young Italy to motivate the people of Italy Inspired nationalism in the people

United Italy By 1871, all of the Italian states had unified to form one unified country called Italy. Victor Emmanuel of Sardinia is crowned King Rome becomes the new capital city