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Liz LaRosa 5th grade science 2010

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Add to Table of Contents: Uses of Minerals Lab Pg. 70 Minerals of Earth’s Crust Pg. 71 Gemstone Questions Pg. 72 Groups of Minerals Pg. 73

Groups of Minerals Minerals are grouped by the elements they are made of. Beryl (Emerald) Calcite Amethyst

Contain Oxygen & Silica The most abundant group of minerals Mineral Group Characteristics Examples 1. Silicates Contain Oxygen & Silica The most abundant group of minerals Make up 96% of the Earth’s crust Quartz (SiO2) mica Quartz MICA

Mineral Group Characteristics Examples 2. Non-Silicates Do not contain compounds of Silica and Oxygen Make up only 4% of the Earth’s crust Include some of the most important minerals 6 different groups.

Carbon & Oxygen and a positive ion, such as Calcium Calcite (CaCO3) Mineral Group Characteristics Examples A. Carbonates Carbon & Oxygen and a positive ion, such as Calcium Calcite (CaCO3) Calcite with Duftite inclusions

Chlorine or Fluorine combined with Sodium or Potassium. Halite(NaCl) Mineral Group Characteristics Examples B. Halides Chlorine or Fluorine combined with Sodium or Potassium. Halite(NaCl) Fluorite(CaF2) Fluorite Halite

Mineral Group Characteristics Examples C. Oxides Metallic ion and Oxygen Hematite (Fe2)O3

Sulfur and a metallic ion Galena (PbS) Mineral Group Characteristics Examples D. Sulfides Sulfur and a metallic ion Galena (PbS) Galena

Metallic ion, Sulfur & Oxygen Barite (BaSO4) Mineral Group Characteristics Examples E. Sulfates Metallic ion, Sulfur & Oxygen Barite (BaSO4) Barite BaSO4 Barite on Calcite BaSO4 / CaCO3

Mineral Group Characteristics Examples F. Native Elements Single elements Gold (Au), Diamond (C), Silver (Ag)

What is a gem? A Mineral OR Rock that has value Rare ! Sometimes polishing or cutting will add value

Gemstone Questions