WARM UP – SEPTEMBER 15 Grab the guided notes and hand outs from the front table

UNIT 3: ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME ANCIENT GREECE: GEOGRAPHY, DEMOCRACY AND CULTURE

Geography & Early Culture Setting the Stage: The geography of the ancient Greeks was considerably different than the previous cultures we have studied.

Where is Greece?

Ancient Greece

Geography & Early Culture Geography Shapes Greek Life Ancient Greece most consisted of a mountainous peninsula jutting out into the Mediterranean Sea Over 2,000 Islands in the Aegean and Ionian Seas The sea was to Greece what rivers were to Egypt and Mesopotamia It was said that the Greeks did not live on the land but around the sea The Greeks became master ship builders due to sea trade

Geography & Early Culture Greece lacked natural resources such as farmland, timber, and precious metals Rugged mountains covered 3/4ths of ancient Greece. The mountains divided up Greece into several different territories and shaped Greek political life Uneven terrain made travel difficult Large scale irrigation was not possible Land could not sustain a large population Climate varied from 48 degrees F in winter to 80 degrees F in summer

Geography & Early Culture Greek Culture Due to the warm climate, the Greeks enjoyed and participated in outdoor activities Due to terrain, the Greeks created city-states Review: city-states operate much like independent countries Due to city-states, the Greeks were a civilization but not an empire The Greeks shared similarities in culture but politics and military differed by city

Geography & Early Culture Greek epics, or narrative poems, celebrated heroic deeds and characters Homer wrote the Iliad (story of the Trojan Wars) and the Odyssey

Geography & Early Culture Built Triremes: sturdy ships with battering ram in front for battle

Geography & Early Culture Greeks would pioneer democracy, philosophy, warfare, and architecture

GOVERNMENTS City – States – cities and surrounding territory form a state Each city-state had its own form of rule Monarchy – single person, called a king, ruled Aristocracy – rule by small group of noble, landowning families Oligarchy – rule by few powerful people Tyranny – powerful individuals, usually nobles or other wealthy citizens, seize control and rule

PERSIAN WARS MAP

GOVERNMENT Athens – rule by the people – First Direct Democracy State ruled by its citizens Rule is based on citizenship Majority rule decides vote Practiced in Athens by 500 BC

PERSIAN WARS Sparta – southern part of Greece – Prominent city- state in Greece Cut off from rest of Greece by the Gulf of Corinth Military State – ruled by military Most powerful army in Greece All forms of personal expression discouraged No value on arts, literature, or other artistic and intellectual pursuits Valued duty, strength, and discipline over Freedom, individuality, beauty and learning Assume leadership in the Persian Wars

PERSIAN WARS Persian Empire - powerful empire – modern day Iran Began in 490 BC Greeks defeat Persians, slaughtering 6,000 Persians in one single day Ten years later – Persian forces advanced again Themistocles – convinced Athenians to evacuate the city and fight at sea Defeated Persians, weakening their navy, and leaving their leader unprotected

CONSEQUENCES OF PERSIAN WAR *Athens emerges as a superpower and a leader of the Delian League Delian League – alliance of Greek city –states Athens entered its golden age – a time centered around an abundance of wealth and personal expression

ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY Expanded under the rule of Pericles Pericles – took over rule of Athens after Themistocles Three Goals: to strengthen democracy to hold and strengthen the empire glorify Athens

GOAL ONE: STRONGER DEMOCRACY Direct Democracy Form of government in which citizens rule directly and NOT through representatives *All government policies determined by an assembly (all members are male) United States has a representative democracy

GOAL 2 and 3: STRENGTHEN AND GLORIFY ATHENS EMPIRE Led Delian League Built a strong navy Used Delian League’s funds to buy gold, ivory, and marble Began to pay artists, architects, and workers who used these materials

ARCHITECTURE AND SCULPTURE Parthenon- temple 23,000 sq. feet. Built to honor Athena – goddess of wisdom and the protector of Athens Contained examples of Greek Art that set standards for future generations of artists around the world

GREEK DRAMA Greeks built the first theaters Theatrical productions were both an expression of civic pride and a tribute to the Gods

GREEK DRAMAS 1. COMEDY – slapstick situations and humor often made fun of politicians and respected people

GREEK DRAMAS 2. TRAGEDY – serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war, or betrayal. contained a main character or tragic hero – usually an important person with extraordinary abilities Tragic flaw usually caused the hero’s downfall EX: Oedipus, Antigone

PART I: GREEK TRAGEDY You are going to write your own Greek Tragedy: Your first paragraph should state who your main character is. It should be a person of high status or a hero. Tell me the name of the person and his status. Tell me a couple things about his/her life that shows that they have a high status in society. Your second paragraph should tell me what extraordinary abilities your character has. What makes them so special? Your third paragraph should tell me about what tragic flaw they have. The flaw should be a personal flaw such as the person is too jealous, or makes decisions too quickly without thinking things through. Your fourth paragraph should explain an event that occurs that leads to the downfall of your character. This event should be a direct result of the person’s tragic flaw. An example would be that your character makes a quick decision and this leads them to lose all their money, leaving them with nothing. PUT IN THE EFFORT TO MAKE YOUR TRAGEDY A STORY, BE CREATIVE WHEN COMING UP WITH YOUR MAIN CHARACTER, THEIR EXTRAORDINARY ABILITIES, FLAWS AND EVENT THAT LEADS TO THEIR DOWNFALL.

PART II: ADVERTISE YOUR TRAGEDY POSTER Create a poster on computer paper that advertises your play – Your poster should have the title of your play, a picture of your main character and a slogan that says something about the character’s flaw or mistake that leads to their downfall. List an actor on your poster that will play your main character (must be in color)

Warm Up – February 15 Grab the article from the front table, read and answer the following questions on a post it: 1. How did Buddhism spread to China? 2. What classes were intrigued by the spirituality of Buddhism? 3. What religious traditions or beliefs was Buddhism mixed with? 4. Why did China’s ruling class eventually turn against Buddhism?

DBQ Practice Based on the following documents, analyze the responses to the spread of Buddhism in China. What additional kind of document would you need to evaluate the extent of Buddhism’s appeal in China? Documents 2 and 3 – Support the spread of Buddhism in China Documents 4 and 6 Scrutinize it Documents 1 and 5 neither encourage nor discourage it but provide a third perspective on how it should be dealt with.