Evidence Based Practice Betty Neuman James Bates Margaretta Bates Mary Jo Bueche Jennifer Vicarie Betty M. Neuman, R.N., B.S.N., M.S., Ph.D., PLC., FAAN

Neuman's Model views the client as a layered, multidimensional whole that is in constant, dynamic interaction with the environment. The goal is to maintain homeostasis or stability throughout all the interactions that come into play with the various environmental factors. Basically, we need balance in our lives and it is interesting that prevention is the main nursing intervention used to achieve this balance.

ENVIRONMENT: The environment of the Neuman Model consists of the: Internal environment External environment Created environment The environments represent a number of known and unknown stressors with which the person is in constant interaction. Each individual has a unique response to these stressors which may affect an individual to a greater or lesser degree. An individual or client is represented as a system that is in constant dynamic interaction with the environment.

NURSING: The task of nursing is to address the client system as a whole and be concerned with all the variables which influence the response a client might have to a stressor. Neuman stresses nursing actions that assist the client in maintaining a maximum level of wellness. The primary aim is stability of the client system using primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions

Study #1 Linear Scleroderma: A Neuman Nursing Perspective Christine Campion Fuller, RN Bonnie Hartley, RN, MScN, MRE With the use of Neuman’s model nurses and other healthcare professionals were able to help a child and his family cope with linear scleroderma (LS). Introducing the model, nurses were able to asses the individual as a whole, including emotional, developmental, and physiological stressors affecting the patient in addition to the new diagnosis of LS. Continuing with the model, nurses can design a plan of care to manage the effect of these stressors.

CONCLUSION CONCLUSION Upon completion the study was successful, at the age of 19 the patient was doing well with the teamwork of nursing and other skilled healthcare team. CONCLUSION

Study #2 Neuman’s Model in Practice Marlaine C. Smith, RN; PHD With the use of Neuman’s model Smith, was able to asses that the 70 year old woman was not just merely non-compliant but compromised by various other stressors. After Smith completed the assessment, she uses the model to guide a plan for interventions to help the patient’s own defense against these stressors.

CONCLUSION The interventions were positive for the patient to return to a normal balance. “The nurse practicing Neuman’s model is a powerful force in promoting wellness”.(Neuman’s ,pp. 117)

Study #3 A Pilot Study of the Elder Abuse Questionnaire Kottwitz D; Bowling S CONCLUSION The questions were designed using Neuman’s Wholistic system to defend all five variables of possible stress. The research of the reliability of the Elder Abuse Questionnaire (EAQ) was very through. The research concluded that the EAQ was a strong instrument to screen for elder abuse but recommended that a wider population be studied to verify consistency.

Use of the Neuman’s System Model for Interdisciplinary Teams Study #4 Use of the Neuman’s System Model for Interdisciplinary Teams Rae Jeanne Memmott, MS, RN Randy L. Bott Kevin M. Marett, MSW Lee Duke, RN The team members first had to be taught Neuman’s System Model (NSM) through training sessions lead by a nurse experienced with the model. Understanding and learning the language of the model was relatively easy for the healthcare personnel, however some members required more time to learn the language. This was made very important to standardize the team

CONCLUSION When the wholesitc approach is used the team can help the patient achieve maximum stability of all variables. Effectiveness of assessments and interventions improved as the team gained experience. .