Interest Grabber Feel the Burn Section 9-1 Feel the Burn Do you like to run, bike, or swim? These all are good ways to exercise. When you exercise, your body uses oxygen to get energy from glucose, a six-carbon sugar. 1. How does your body feel at the start of exercise, such as a long, slow run? How do you feel 1 minute into the run; 10 minutes into the run? 2. What do you think is happening in your cells to cause the changes in how you feel? 3. Think about running as fast as you can for 100 meters. Could you keep up this pace for a much longer distance? Explain your answer.

Section Outline 9–1 Chemical Pathways A. Chemical Energy and Food B. Overview of Cellular Respiration C. Glycolysis 1. ATP Production 2. NADH Production D. Fermentation 1. Alcoholic Fermentation 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation

Section Outline 9–2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport A. The Krebs Cycle B. Electron Transport C. The Totals D. Energy and Exercise 1. Quick Energy 2. Long-Term Energy E. Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Figure 9–2 Cellular Respiration: An Overview Section 9-1 Mitochondrion Electrons carried in NADH Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Pyruvic acid Glucose Electron Transport Chain Krebs Cycle Glycolysis Mitochondrion Cytoplasm

Fermentation (without oxygen) Chemical Pathways Section 9-1 Glucose Krebs cycle Electron transport Glycolysis Alcohol or lactic acid Fermentation (without oxygen)

Electron Transport Chain Flowchart Section 9-2 Cellular Respiration Glucose (C6H1206) + Oxygen (02) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O)

To the electron transport chain Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain

To the electron transport chain Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain

To the electron transport chain Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain

Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion

Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion

Figure 9–7 Electron Transport Chain Section 9-2 Electron Transport Hydrogen Ion Movement Channel Mitochondrion Intermembrane Space ATP synthase Inner Membrane Matrix ATP Production

WHAT IF THERE ISN’T ANY OXYGEN? CELLUAR RESPIRATION: Anaerobic (fermentation) *yeast cells = alcohol production *muscle cells = lactic acid production

Figure 9–4 Lactic Acid Fermentation Section 9-1 Lactic acid Glucose Pyruvic acid

Figure 9–4 Lactic Acid Fermentation Section 9-1 Lactic acid Glucose Pyruvic acid

Figure 9–4 Lactic Acid Fermentation Section 9-1 Lactic acid Glucose Pyruvic acid

Pros and Cons of Lactic Acid Fermentation Pros – your muscle will keep working even without sufficient oxygen

Cons – you feel it, lactic acid causes sore muscles and cramping Your body will get rid of lactic acid – it diffuses into blood and goes to liver where it is converted back to pyruvic acid – ready for O2 LIVER

RECAP 6C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP) GLUCOSE becomes… CO2 Oxygen is needed… to accept the electrons at the end of ETC CO2 goes… into blood, lungs, exhaled Water is produced when… O2 collects enough e- and H+ to become water ATP is produced… in glycolysis, Kreb Cycle and mainly in ETC due to chemiosmosis

Pyruvic acid is made … at the end of glycolysis (3C) NADH and FADH2 carry … Electrons and H+ to the ETC Protons (H+) build up in the …due to… Intermembrane space, ETC pushing them out ATP synthase allows H+ to … and … Back into the matrix, produces ATPs If no oxygen, yeast produce… ethanol If no oxygen, muscle cells produce… Lactic acid

The ETC produces... 34 ATPs In aerobic respiration, Pyruvic acid is converted to… Acetyl CoA The molecule that must be recycled in the Kreb cycle is… Oxaloacetic acid The break down of one glucose gives… 38 total ATP

Autotrophs… Make their own food/chemical energy Heterotrophs… Must eat other things to obtain chemical energy Aerobic respiration requires… Oxygen

Click a hyperlink to choose a video. Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis Video Contents Click a hyperlink to choose a video. Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis Krebs Cycle, Part 1 Krebs Cycle, Part 2 Electron Transport Chain, Part 1 Electron Transport Chain, Part 2 Video Contents

Click the image to play the video segment. Aerobic Respiration Click the image to play the video segment. Video 1

Click the image to play the video segment. Glycolysis Click the image to play the video segment. Video 2

Click the image to play the video segment. Krebs Cycle, Part 1 Click the image to play the video segment. Video 3

Click the image to play the video segment. Krebs Cycle, Part 2 Click the image to play the video segment. Video 4

Click the image to play the video segment. Electron Transport Chain, Part 1 Click the image to play the video segment. Video 5

Click the image to play the video segment. Electron Transport Chain, Part 2 Click the image to play the video segment. Video 6

Go Online Links from the authors on Creatine Share kimchi lab data Interactive test For links on cellular respiration, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-3091. For links on the Krebs cycle, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-3092. Internet

Interest Grabber Answers 1. How does your body feel at the start of exercise, such as a long, slow run? How do you feel 1 minute into the run; 10 minutes into the run? Students may answer that they feel no fatigue at the start of a run; however, after 1 minute and more so after 10 minutes, they are breathing hard, their heart rate has increased significantly, and their muscles may hurt. 2. What do you think is happening in your cells to cause the changes in how you feel? Students may say that the increase in heart rate and breathing rate are a response that gets extra oxygen to the cells. The pain may be attributed to the cells becoming fatigued. 3. Think about running as fast as you can for 100 meters. Could you keep up this pace for a much longer distance? Explain your answer. Students may know that very high levels of performance can be sustained only very briefly even among the best of athletes. Students may say that the body runs out of readily available energy, food, or oxygen, or that the body builds up too many waste products in the cells. Section 1 Answers

Interest Grabber Answers 1. Obtain two sheets of paper and a metric ruler. What is the surface area of the paper? The area will vary depending on the size of paper used. A sheet of notebook paper has an area of approximately 600 cm3. 2. Roll one sheet of paper into a tube lengthwise. What is the surface area of the rolled paper? The surface area is the same as the original sheet of paper. 3. Fold the second sheet of paper into a fan. Then, roll the first sheet of paper around the folded paper so it is inside the rolled paper. What has happened to the surface area of the inside of the rolled paper? The surface area has increased (surface area of rolled paper + surface area of folded paper). 4. What would be the value of increasing the surface area of the membrane inside a mitochondrion? Increasing the surface area increases the amount of space where chemical reactions can take place. Section 2 Answers

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