Direct Practice in Social Work, 2e Scott W. Boyle Grafton H. Hull, Jr. Jannah Hurn Mather Larry Lorenzo Smith O. William Farley University of Utah, College of Social Work PowerPoints by Julie Emmer, University of Central Florida This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease, or lending of the program. © 2009 Allyn & Bacon

Direct Practice in Social Work In Chapter 3 we will: Explore the common elements of an effective practice Examine the five domains for understanding human behavior Explore some of the most common theoretical models in the direct practice of Social Work © 2009 Allyn & Bacon

Elements of an effective practice Extra-therapeutic factors (client’s level of motivation, strength of ego, ability to identify a problem, and ability to relate interpersonally, along with “psychological mindedness” and social support) Therapeutic relationship (empathy, genuineness, positive regard, and warmth) Techniques Expectancy-placebo effect © 2009 Allyn & Bacon

Five Domains for Understanding human behavior © 2009 Allyn & Bacon

The biological-physical domain Body systems, chemistry Genetics Life habits © 2009 Allyn & Bacon

The psychological domain Cognitive processes Judgment Use Intelligence © 2009 Allyn & Bacon

Emotional domain Feelings Self awareness © 2009 Allyn & Bacon

Behavioral Domain Observable actions and behaviors © 2009 Allyn & Bacon

Environmental domain Influence of other people Influence of community at large Toxins Exposure to diseases © 2009 Allyn & Bacon

Problem solving model Engagement Assessment Planning/goal setting Intervention Evaluation Termination © 2009 Allyn & Bacon

Theoretical Frameworks for direct practice An introduction to some of the most common models in Social Work © 2009 Allyn & Bacon

The biological-physical domain Genetics Neurochemistry © 2009 Allyn & Bacon

Ego psychology Neo-Freudians Ego analysts Object relations theorists Self-psychologists © 2009 Allyn & Bacon

Seven propositions of ego psychology (Goldstein 1995) People have an innate ability to function in their environment The ego’s function is to help people adapt to the environment The development of the ego is sequential The ego responds to both internal and external influences The ego mediates internal conflict, often by implementing defense mechanisms Personality is shaped by the social environment Social functioning should be examined within the context of the person-in-environment © 2009 Allyn & Bacon

Cognitive theory Examines healthy and faulty processing of information from the environment When information is processed in a faulty way, a congruent but maladaptive response (such as anxiety or anger) results © 2009 Allyn & Bacon

Behavioral/Learning Theories Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Social learning Examines human behavior in terms of stimuli, responses, and reinforcements © 2009 Allyn & Bacon

Person Centered theory Self awareness through developing a self-concept People move toward self-actualization Focus is on present influences rather than past influences Positive self acceptance is key © 2009 Allyn & Bacon

General systems theory: Important terms: Relationship Interface Differentiation Equifinality Boundary Subsystems Homeostasis Role Input/output © 2009 Allyn & Bacon

Multicultural theory Examines each theory within its cultural context of origin & attempts to lessen the impact of the practitioner’s world view by stressing the impact of the culture of the client Recognizes that people of all cultures have much in common, but are also influenced by different cultural forces Recognizes that a person’s cultural identity is complex and evolves over time Stresses that the client’s culture and preferences should be honored in the therapeutic process The client’s social support systems may need to be included in the therapeutic process The client should be viewed beyond his culture, as a world citizen © 2009 Allyn & Bacon