Failure in Britain…Hitler turns to the East Operation Barbarossa Failure in Britain…Hitler turns to the East June 1941, Hitler nullified the Nazi-Soviet Pact Invaded Soviet Union 3 million Germans & blitzkrieg Soviets still suffering from purge

Soviets destroyed factories, equipment, crops, etc. 2.5 million Soviet soldiers died Germany posed to take Leningrad & Moscow

Didn’t account for “General Winter” Early December, -40

Siege of Leningrad September 1941, 2 & ½ year siege 2 pieces of bread a day Boiled wallpaper More than 1 million died Didn’t fall Stalin urged Britain to open second front Two powers agree to work together

Concentration Camps Detention centers for civilians considered enemies of the state Worked as slave laborers 1939, forced Jews to live in ghettos 1941, “Final Solution to the Jewish problem” Nazis sent Jews, political enemies, Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals & the disabled https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-tGwjwK9pIM

Holocaust: Sacrifice by fire Extermination Camps 20,000 concentration camps, 6 extermination camps “Death camps” in Poland Designed most efficient means to kill millions By 1945, massacred some 6 million Jews & 6 million others As well Holocaust: Sacrifice by fire

Japan’s Brutal Conquest Self-proclaimed mission to help Asians escape from Western colonial rule …really just wanted Japanese Empire Killed & tortured Destroyed towns Forced labor

USA 1939 Neutrality Acts People & FDR sympathized, wanted to find ways to aid Britain who stood alone against Hitler Lend-Lease Act, March 1941 Could sell or lend war material to any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States

Atlantic Charter FDR & Churchill Atlantic Charter set goals for the war “The final destruction of the Nazi tyranny” Post war: “Permanent system of general security”

USA USA banned sale of war materials (iron, steel, oil) to Japan Japanese saw this is a threat Wanted to neutralize US fleet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W5IwUMCmxD8

So we have won after all… Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941, “a date which will live in infamy” Surprise attack on American fleet About 2400 killed 19 ships 188 planes FDR asks Congress to declare war on Japan December 8, US declares war on Japan December 11, Germany & Italy declare war on USA So we have won after all…

In the long run, Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor would be as serious a mistake as Hitler’s invasion of Soviet Union

Increased production ends Great Depression Allies Turn the Tide Total War US & Great Britain government their power Put economic resources into war Factories, stop making cars and start making tanks Rationed food you could buy Increased production ends Great Depression

Total War Even democratic nations start censoring press & using propaganda Many Japanese citizens lost their jobs, properties, & rights

Japanese Internment Camps One of the worst violations of civil liberties in US history

Women Help Win the War Rosie the Riveter Drove ambulances, decoded messages, nurses, etc. In occupied Europe, women fought

1942-1943, Turning Point of the War France Soviet Union North Africa/Italy Pacific Allies won victories on 4 fronts

1942-1943, Turning Point of the War France Soviet Union North Africa/Italy Pacific Allies won victories on 4 fronts

The Pacific Aircraft carriers First time in naval history, some naval battles fought entirely in the air Japanese proved they would die before surrender https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N3HfiLnyIDY

The Big Three Stalin FDR Churchill Focus on finishing war in Europe first, then Asia Mutual distrust Common enemy Stalin FDR Churchill

The Big Three Stalin FDR Churchill Focus on finishing war in Europe first, then Asia Mutual distrust Common enemy Stalin FDR Churchill

Allies Forge Ahead General Dwight Eisenhower defeats one of Hitler’s most brilliant commanders, General Erwin Rommel (“Desert Fox”) in North Africa, May 1943

Allies Forge Ahead North Africa under Allied control Crossed Mediterranean July 1943, Britain & US invade Italy Falls within a month Italians overthrow Mussolini & sign armistice

Stalingrad Major Turning Point August 1942-January 1943 One of the deadliest battles in history Street-by-street, house-by- house fighting Germans surrender Soviets start offensive Major Turning Point

Allies Push Toward Germany By 1944, West Allies ready to open Western Front by invading France D-Day June 6, 1944 Invasion of Normandy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCrw_uMWlgI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=82RTzi5Vt7w

D-Day Allies fought through underwater mines & constant machine-gun fire Made their way inland

Allies Push Toward Germany General George S. Patton helped Allies through break through German defenses French resistance German retreated August 25, 1944 Allies liberate Paris Within a month, all of France is free

Allies Continue Advance Dresden, Germany Florence of the North Years of constant bombing on Germany Cripple industries & destroy morale Not an industrial city About 135,000 killed February 1945

Battle of the Bulge Allies advancing toward Germany December 1944- January 1945 German offensive Germany unable to break through Terrible losses on both sides Hitler losing support at home German defeat seemed ineveitable

Yalta Conference Mistrust Stalin: Soviet Union should keep control of Eastern Europe to make prevent future aggression Churchill & FDR: Self-determination But they needed Stalin’s help to win the war Agreed to divide Germany into 4 zones (American, French, British, & Soviet), divide lands in the Pacific, & Stalin would hold free elections in Eastern Europe