Industrial Revolution, 1700-1900

I. Beginnings Industrial Revolution – the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in mid-1700s Prior to Ind. Rev., England experiences an agricultural revolution New farming techniques Leads to population boom – thanks to increased food supplies Increase in amount of available workers Industrialization – the process of developing machine production of goods Why start in England? (multiple reasons) Factors of production – had all the resources needed to produce goods and services that the Ind. Rev. required

I. Continued… Factors of production (continued…) Access to natural resources Water and coal power Iron ore for construction Rivers for transportation Harbors/ocean access for shipping Strong economy – money invested in new manufacturing techniques/inventions Political stability CHALLENGE QUESTION!

II. Inventions and Innovations Textile industry (clothing) was first to be transformed by Industrial Revolution First, textile production done in the home using new inventions 1733 – Flying shuttle – doubled the work a weaver could do in a day 1764 – Spinning jenny – allowed spinners to make more thread for weavers Eventually, textile work moves to factories Late 1700s – water frame, spinning mule, power loom led to increased production Large, expensive machines required factories to house them, multiple workers to run them

II. Continued… Transportation improvements CHALLENGE QUESTION! II. Continued… Transportation improvements Steam engine – James Watt perfected the use of the steam engine by requiring less fuel, making it less expensive (1770s) Led to widespread use in locomotives, steam boats Railways Steam-powered locomotives connected cities and countryside Cheap way to transport goods/materials Created thousands of new jobs

III. Changes in Society Rise of cities Working conditions Urbanization – city building and the movement of people to cities More people began living in cities than in the countryside Living conditions often poor Rapid development without proper planning Poor sanitation, little police protection, dangerous building conditions Working conditions Long hours, little time off Factories were dangerous, coal mines worse Women and children used as cheap labor Led to growth of unions

EXIT TICKET! Answer the following questions using complete sentences: Describe one invention/innovation that took place during the early years of the Industrial Revolution. What is urbanization? Describe common working conditions during the Industrial Revolution.

III. Continued… Class tensions Positive effects Growth of middle class Skilled workers, professionals, businesspeople, wealthy farmers Enjoyed comfortable standards of living Working class Poor, property-less Little improvement to their lives Growing resentment towards middle and upper classes Luddites – violently opposed machines that replaced workers Positive effects More jobs Technological progress Cheaper clothing Healthier diets More educational opportunities Higher wages/better working conditions (eventually) Standard of living increases

IV. Impact of Industrial Revolution Industrialization quickly spread from England to other parts of the world, creating lasting change Emergence of new competing economic views Laissez-faire – industry sets working conditions without government regulations (foundation of capitalism) Adam Smith argued for a free-market economy, three “laws” would keep economy in line Law of self-interest – People work for their own good Law of competition – Competition forces people to make a better product Law of supply & demand – Goods produced at lowest possible price to meet demand

IV. Continued… Industrialization helps abolish slavery Socialism – production (industry) should be owned by the public and operated for the welfare of all Concerned about social justice and labor rights Karl Marx – a radical socialist Communism – private property would end, goods and services shared equally Called for end of social class divisions through revolution Industrialization helps abolish slavery Coupled with ideas of Enlightenment, Ind. Rev. sees end of slavery by late 1800s Women’s rights movements Increase in concern for women’s rights and treatment throughout Ind. Rev. Leads to feminist movements, right to vote, higher education

World Population Growth

Inventions SPINNING JENNY FLYING SHUTTLE

CHALLENGE QUESTION! Quick review! What do you remember? What preceded the Industrial Revolution in England? What are the three factors of production that allowed England the jump-start the Industrial Revolution? BACK

CHALLENGE QUESTION! Answer the following question using complete sentences: Is the Industrial Revolution still happening? If yes, why? If no, are we going through some other revolution? BACK