Weathering & Soil Formation

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Presentation transcript:

Weathering & Soil Formation 4.1 Mechanical and Chemical Forces Break Down Rocks

Preview of 4.1 Weathering

Preview Cont… Mechanical Weathering Ice Wedging

Preview Cont… Pressure Release Exfoliation Plant Root Growth

Preview Cont… Abrasion Chemical Weathering

Preview Cont… Dissolving Rusting

Preview Cont… Surface Area Rock Composition Climate

Key Terms Weathering Mechanical Weathering Exfoliation Abrasion Chemical Weathering

Weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces Tiny rocks. How do rocks get small? Over time natural forces break rocks down Sidewalks or driveways cracked Weathering Process by which natural forces break down rocks Two kinds-mechanical and chemical

Mechanical weathering produces physical changes in rocks Breaking up of rocks by physical forces Rocks split apart Doesn’t change composition Types of Mechanical Weathering Ice Wedging Pressure Release Plant Root Growth Abrasion

Ice Wedging Water freezes and expands Cracks or pores of rocks and forces expansion that is strong Can break huge boulders Occurs where temps rise and fall around the freezing point

Ice Wedging

Pressure Release Rock is under great pressure and pushed up to surface of earth Great pressure inside of rock causes expansion The rock will crack and break Exfoliation Process in which layers or sheets of rock gradually break off Onion skin weathering

Exfoliation

Plant Root Growth Trees, bushes and other plants take root in cracks Roots expand and break rocks

Plant Root Growth

Abrasion Water can wear down rocks on riverbeds or shorelines Abrasion Process of wearing down by friction, the rubbing of one object or surface against another Tumbling-moving and grinding against eachother

Abrasion

Chemical weathering changes the mineral composition of rocks Rusty nail=chemical reaction/change steel contains iron mixes with oxygen and water to form rust Mix with water and air Chemical weathering Breakdown of rocks by chemical reactions that change the rocks makeup or composition. Minerals in rock contact air/water

Dissolving Water main cause In the atmosphere, small amounts of carbon dioxide dissolve in rainwater. The water and carbon dioxide react to form a weak acid. After falling, the water moves through the soil picking up additional carbon dioxide from decaying plants. This acid water breaks down minerals in rocks, and may break them apart. Air pollution from cars and power plants can make rainwater even more acidic.

Acid Rain

Rusting Oxygen is also involved in chemical weathering. Oxygen, water, and dissolved minerals containing iron produce iron oxides, or rust. Iron oxides form a coating that colors weathered rocks

Rusting

Weathering occurs at different rates Most weathering occurs over long periods of time- hundreds, thousands, or even millions of years. It takes hundreds or thousands of years for a very hard rock to wear down just a few millimeters (the thickness of your fingernail). Not all rocks wear at the same rate. Factors affecting the rate of weathering include, the rock’s size (surface area), the composition (granite vs. limestone) and the climate that the rock is in (hot, wet regions weather rocks faster than cold, dry ones).