Chapter 14 – Section 3 The Crisis Deepens

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854 Northern Whigs. Northern Democrats. Free-Soilers. Know-Nothings. (Political party from 1854-1856 who was against Germans and Irish Catholic immigrants who they felt were ruining America) Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. All came together to form the NEW Republican Party in 1854 Republicans win 105 of 245 seats in House elections!

1856 Presidential Election √ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

Fremont makes a strong showing in the North! 1856 Election Results Fremont makes a strong showing in the North!

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

Dred Scott Dred Scott was a former slave owned by a U.S. Army doctor that had moved from Illinois and Wisconsin to Missouri Scott sued for his freedom because Illinois and Wisconsin were free states Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger Tanney said Scott was not free for two reasons One he had no right to sue because he was black Two he was considered property! Tanney even went further to declare that Congress had no power to prohibit slavery and the Missouri Compromise was therefore unconstitutional http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taney_Arrest_Warrant#mediaviewer/File:Roger_B._Taney_-_Brady-Handy.jpg

Reaction The South and all supporters of slavery were dancing in the streets! Most Northerners and abolitionists were appalled! However, this decision lit the fire for many people who were undecided on the issue and gave rise to fuel the fire for the Lincoln-Douglas debates. http://ahistoryofhistory.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/1/9/14195332/544629092.jpg http://a4.files.biography.com/image/upload/c_fill,g_face,h_300,q_80,w_300/MTE5NTU2MzE2MjA1MzE5Njkx.jpg

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 Lincoln opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act that Douglas was responsible for “A house divided against itself cannot stand.” Lincoln did not want to ban slavery, just the spread of it. A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

Senator Stephen Douglas the “Little Giant” Douglas was not for slavery, just popular sovereignty Made Lincoln out to be an abolitionist Was not for race equality, but so no reason why blacks should not have rights spelled out in D.O.I. Douglas wins in 1858 Popular Sovereignty?

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859 After “Bleeding Kansas” John Brown goes east 1859 Brown and friends attack Harper’s Ferry and hope to create a slave uprising toward freedoms Brown was caught by Robert E. Lee and his troops Brown was hung, but became a hero of the North in the cause against slavery John Brown Song becomes a battle cry in 1861

Sung to the same tune as “The Battle of the Hymn Republic”

The Coming of the Civil War Chapter 14 – Section 4 The Coming of the Civil War

Republican Party Platform in 1860 Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers]. Protective tariff [for the Industrialists]. No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”]. Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest]. Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense. Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

1860 Presidential Election √ Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860 Election Results

Secession!: South Carolina first on Dec. 20, 1860

The Confederate States of America From December 1860 – March 1861 when Lincoln is finally able to take the oath of office seven states have left the Union and voted to form their own country Jefferson Davis named President of the Confederate States of America Not all southerners are for secession, but their voices are not as powerful Photo from - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson_Davis

Lincoln’s first inauguration March 4, 1861 he tries to ensure the seceded states that he has no intentions of ending slavery Also states that they have no right to break free and that if war results that it is their choice not his. Lincoln’s speech not accepted by the South and they take over post offices, forts and other federal property Photo from - http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/abrahamlincoln

Problems continue for Mr. Lincoln at Fort Sumter South tried to starve out soldiers in the fort and force them to surrender from late December 1860 to early April 1861 Lincoln does not want to lose the fort or be known for starting a war Decides to send food, but no guns or troop support South throws first punch!

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

Inside Fort Sumter Your book provides a view of this for us!