Atmosphere Chapter 15

Bellwork -First, make a cover page for our new chapter, “Atmosphere, chapter 15” Then complete the following Write three things you know about Earth’s atmosphere.

Bill Nye Video and worksheet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3ncqRTbNWU

Bellwork What is our atmosphere made up of?

Weather: the condition of Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place Atmosphere: the envelope of gases that surround the planet

Weather

Atmosphere

Composition of the Atmosphere Earth’s atmosphere is made up of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and many other gases, as well as particles of liquids and solids

Bellwork What was the most interesting thing you learned from the webquest yesterday?

On your own Read about the composition of Earth’s atmosphere (513-514) Summarize the important info for 6 main ingredients in Earth’s atmosphere in your notebook

Bellwork What is the importance of the atmosphere?

Nitrogen Most abundant gas in the atmosphere More than ¾ of the air we breathe

Oxygen Second most abundant gas Less than ¼ the volume of the atmosphere Plants and animals take oxygen to help release energy from their food Oxygen is used in many different chemical reactions (burning, rust, etc) Ozone-oxygen with 3 atoms

Carbon Dioxide Plants must have carbon dioxide to make food They also give it off as a waste product Burning fuels also give off carbon dioxide

Oxygen and nitrogen make up 99% of dry air Argon and CO2 make up 1% Other Gases Oxygen and nitrogen make up 99% of dry air Argon and CO2 make up 1% Other gases (like on 513) are in trace amounts

Water vapor amounts vary from place to place and time to time Water in the form of gas Invisible Water vapor amounts vary from place to place and time to time

Particles Pure air contains only gas Real air contains liquid and solid particles such as dust, smoke, salt, and other chemicals

Importance of Atmosphere Earth’s atmosphere makes conditions on Earth suitable for living things It contains gases necessary for life It traps moisture and warmth necessary for life It protects from radiation It prevents most collisions from meteors and rocks

Complete Section 1 Assessment in Your Notebook

Group Activity Groups will be assigned a topic to teach the class. Work together to find an interesting way to present your topic to the class Every member must participate

Group one: Properties of Air Group two: Measuring air pressure Group three: Altitude and the properties of air First: READ the entire section to yourself….then begin brainstorming ideas You may need to read sections prior to your own to better understand your topic

Section 2 Air Pressure

Properties of Air Because air has mass, it also has other properties such as density and pressure Density: The amount of mass in a given volume of air

Properties of Air Pressure: the force pushing on an area Air Pressure: the result of the weight of a column of air pushing down on an area

Air pressure

Properties of Air Air pressure can change from day to day Denser air has different properties

What are the four main layers of the atmosphere? Bellwork What are the four main layers of the atmosphere?

Measuring Air Pressure Barometer: an instrument used to measure air pressure Two types: Mercury, Aneroid

Altitude and the Properties of Air Altitude: (elevation) is the distance above sea level Air pressure decreases as altitude increases As Air pressure decreases, so does density

Altitude and Properties of Air

Complete section 1 and 2 assessments in your notebook

Section 3 LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE

Partner Activity With your desk partner, create a poster illustrating the 4 main layers of the Atmosphere. For each layer you must include: The distance from the Earth A short description of the layer Something interesting or important about the layer

Next Read the “Science in History” section of section 3. In your notebooks, write 2 paragraphs about the most interesting discoveries made by these scientists. Homework if not completed in class

Air Quality Pollutants: harmful substances in the air, water, or soil.

Sources of Pollution Natural Sources: Forest fires, dust storms, volcanoes, wind, soil erosion

Forest fires

dust storms

volcanoes

soil erosion

Human Activities Burning of fossil fuels: Motor vehicles, factories & Power Plants

Power Plants

Motor Vehicle Pollution

Human Activities Fossil fuels, factories, power plants Burning fossil fuels releases both gases and particles (soot) Some chemicals released are partially burned hydrocarbons Other chemicals include carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides

Burning fossil fuels produces smog and acid rain

London Type Smog: Created by burning coal Soot combines with air and makes smog (smoke/fog)

London-Type Smog

Photochemical smog occurs in sunny cities Sunlight reacts with pollutants to create ozone and other harmful chemicals

Photochemical Smog

Photochemical Smog

These and nitrogen oxides combine with water to form acid rain Burning fossil fuels, especially coal or substances heavy with sulfur, creates sulfur oxides. These and nitrogen oxides combine with water to form acid rain Acid rain can harm structures, plants, and ecosystems

Acid Rain

Acid Rain

Acid Rain

On Your Own Read about the pollutants human activities release Summarize the important information Make sure you include the 3 main pollutants fossil fuels release Also use the chart at the top of the page and write how these pollutants affect your health.

Smog and Acid Rain Burning of fossil fuels can cause smog and acid rain On your own, summarize London-type smog, photochemical smog, and acid rain. Then, with your desk partner: Read the section on air quality Summarize what we are already doing to improve air quality Then come up with ways that you as individuals and as a community can help improve air quality