The Election that Ripped Apart a Nation The Election of 1860 The Election that Ripped Apart a Nation
President James Buchanan “Old Buck” safe choice to win (therefore useless) Two major M.O.s: Dred Scott v. Sandford Lecompton Constitution
The Democrats Convention #1: Charleston, SC - April (1860) - platform fight - 51 cotton state reps leave - no 2/3 majority for Douglas Convention #2: Baltimore, MD - June 18 - cotton states walk again (110 reps) - northern Democrats choose… Charleston: Yancey leads walkout of AL, FL, GA, LA, MS, SC, TX, some from AK and DE -vote went to 57 ballots with no 2/3 majority (Jefferson Davis was one of the nominees!) Baltimore: convention wouldn’t let the southern states force slavery on a territory whose voters didn’t want it, so left
Stephen Douglas “The Little Giant” popular sovereignty Fugitive Slave Law Kansas-Nebraska Act Northern Democrats - first presidential candidate in US history to take a nationwide speaking tour (Yancey countered with a northern pro-slavery tour of his own)
John C. Breckinridge extend slavery into the territories annex Cuba moderate from Kentucky pro-union southern Democrats current Vice President under Buchanan Nominated in convention June 28 in Richmond, VA (less than 1/2 all original southern delegates)
The Republicans Convention: Chicago, IL (mid-May) Contenders: - William Seward - “irrepressible conflict” - Abraham Lincoln - “Success Rather Than Seward” Lincoln won on third ballot on May 18
Abraham Lincoln “Old Abe” nonextension of slavery protective tariff immigrant rights Pacific railroad internal improvements free homesteads
John Bell Constitutional Unionist former Speaker, Secretary of War (Harrison) slaveowner from Tennessee “Do Nothings” and “Old Gentleman’s Party” Governor Sam Houston of Texas narrowly defeated Met in Baltimore May 9 “the Union as it is, and the Constitution as it is”
Election of 1860
Fallout South holds 4-5 majority in Supreme Court No clear majority in Congress (Republicans not in power) Lincoln elected as minority president 18 free states outnumber 15 slave states South Carolina makes good on its threat in December of 1860
Free States Slave States Texas Louisiana Arkansas Missouri Kentucky California Oregon Minnesota Iowa Wisconsin Illinois Indiana Michigan Ohio Pennsylvania New York New Jersey Connecticut Rhode Island Massachusetts New Hampshire Vermont Maine Slave States Texas Louisiana Arkansas Missouri Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Georgia Florida South Carolina North Carolina Virginia Delaware Maryland
Secession (1861)