Unit 1: History and Approaches

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 1: History and Approaches

Psychology is a scientific study of mental processes and behaviors.

Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks- believed behavior was innate Socrates Plato Rene Descartes

Prescientific Psychology Francis Bacon Empiricism John Locke Tabula Rasa (blank slate)

Empiricism = the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation. Lets make this easy….its SCIENCE

Psychological Science is Born Wilhelm Wundt (Father of Psychology) University of Leipzig (1st psych lab) Reaction time experiment

Structuralism = an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind.

Edward Titchener Structuralism Introspection – Everything you sense

Functionalism = a school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function – how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.

William James Wrote 1st Psychology Textbook -Functionalism Mary Calkins Was not allowed to receive her Ph.D. Margaret Floy Washburn 1st Woman to receive Ph.D.

Experimental Psychology = the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method. G. Stanley Hall

Gestalt Psychology a movement in psychology founded in Germany, trying to explain perceptions in terms of whole parts rather than by analyzing their small parts The whole is greater than the sum of its parts Max Wertheimer

Psychoanalysis – unconscious mind Sigmund Freud

Freud believed Unconscious mind – our behavior is guided by things we are not aware of Push down/push away bad memories – Repression Dreams tell us about our unconsciousness – Dream Analysis Defense mechanisms – We use these as a way to deal with things that bother us

Behaviorism = the view that psychology studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Study of observable behavior

Ivan Pavlov – bell/dog experiment John B. Watson- Little Albert B.F. Skinner – reinforcements & punishments

Humanistic Psychology = emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth.

Humanistic psychology Carl Rogers – client centered therapy Abraham Maslow

Cognitive Perspective = study of cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language).

Psychoanalytic Psychology = studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders.

Biological/Neuroscience Psychology = a branch of psychology that studies the links between biological (including neuroscience and behavior genetics) and psychological processes.

Evolutionary Psychology = the study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection.

Behavioral Psychology = the scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning.

Cognitive Perspective = study of cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language).

Social-Cultural Psychology = the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking.

Psychological Approaches/Perspectives

Psychological Approaches/Perspectives

Biopsychosocial perspective Biological factors effect behavior Psychological factors effect behavior Social-cultural factors effect behavior All guide behavior

Psychology’s Three Main Levels of Analysis