12-6-17 Digging Deep Layers of the Earth Day 2

Do Now: Complete in your Science Notebook Name the layers of the Earth based on: Chemical composition Physical properties Write a brief summary (~1-2 sentences) of what you learned yesterday.

(C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org Earth by Chemical Composition Earth by Physical Properties crust Lithosphere rigid 30 km 150 km mantle plastic 100 km Asthenosphere Mesosphere 2900 km rigid 2550 km Explain to students: There are two ways the layers of Earth are classified and labeled. Explain the slide shows them from top to bottom. Ask students to copy this in their notebooks – tell them distances noted are approximate. Ask students to compare the distances of the earth to the distances of the pit in the previous slides. (answer – much larger) Ask students to compare the distances of each layer to another layer. Ask – what is the thinnest layer? (crust); what is the thickest layer? (mantle) liquid core 2200 km Outer core 3430 km 1230 km Inner core solid (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

Homework: Study your notes There will be a quiz on Friday on this material. Complete the worksheet

Quiz Review - Cambridge Asthenosphere B. magnetosphere Density B. geosphere Gravity Crust Core C A B

Retake Requirements You will have to complete an additional required practice assignment to retake the quiz. See Mr. Santos at the last 5 minutes of class to discuss your quiz grade.

Quiz Review - Comprehensive D False C B A Core Geosphere Magnetosphere True

Retake Requirements You will have to complete an additional required practice assignment to retake the quiz. See Mr. Santos at the last 5 minutes of class to discuss your quiz grade.

Digging Deep: Layers of the Earth Lesson Objectives: Students will be able to: Label the layers of solid Earth (geosphere). Describe the chemical composition of the layers of solid Earth (geosphere).

Vocabulary Check-Exit List As the lesson progresses, complete the provided “Vocabulary Check- Exit List” Place a check mark when you are able to: label the vocabulary word under the label column. Explain the word If you need help on a word, then check the help column. At the end of class, you will turn this in as an exit ticket.

(C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org Earth by Chemical Composition Earth by Physical Properties crust Lithosphere rigid 30 km 150 km mantle plastic 100 km Asthenosphere Mesosphere 2900 km rigid 2550 km Explain to students: There are two ways the layers of Earth are classified and labeled. Explain the slide shows them from top to bottom. Ask students to copy this in their notebooks – tell them distances noted are approximate. Ask students to compare the distances of the earth to the distances of the pit in the previous slides. (answer – much larger) Ask students to compare the distances of each layer to another layer. Ask – what is the thinnest layer? (crust); what is the thickest layer? (mantle) liquid core 2200 km Outer core 3430 km 1230 km Inner core solid (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

(C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org Lithosphere The Lithosphere is the outermost layer of earth's crust. This is where we live. It is the only part that is accessible to us. It is cold, solid and rigid. This is the only layer scientists have been able to physically explore and have done so by sending probes down into the Earth. Remind students it includes the continental and oceanic crusts and part of the upper mantle. The Lithosphere is broken into large solid plates called tectonic plates. See notes (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

Lithosphere crust and most upper mantle See notes Explain this layer is where the tectonic plates are that cause earthquakes as they move. http://www.bing.com/images/search?&q=earth+crust+layers+pictures&qft=+filterui:license-L2_L3_L4_L5_L6_L7&FORM=R5IR38#view=detail&id=A7D933B174C526AA127C7E4F41295ADFAC355882&selectedIndex=68 See notes (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

Asthenosphere The upper layer of the mantle, below the lithosphere. This soft, easily deformed rock is more plastic than adjacent layers. http://www.bing.com/images/search?&q=earth+crust+layers+pictures&qft=+filterui:license-L2_L3_L4_L5_L6_L7&FORM=R5IR38#view=detail&id=A7D933B174C526AA127C7E4F41295ADFAC355882&selectedIndex=68 This is where the convection currents occur that drive the tectonic plate movement. Pressure and temperature place it near the melting point. See notes (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

(C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org The asthenosphere is ductile. It can be pushed like silly putty in response to the warmth of the Earth. C o n v e c t I o n C u r r e n t s These rocks actually flow, moving in response to the stresses placed on them by the churning motions of the deep interior of the Earth. The flowing asthenosphere carries the lithosphere of the Earth, including the continents, on its back. Explain this is not a rapid flow but more like a slow flow in slow motion. See notes (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

(C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org Mantle The mantle is about 2/3 of the total mass of the Earth. It is about 2,900 km deep. The upper mantle contains the lithosphere and the asthenosphere. The rest of the mantle between the upper mantle and the core is known as the mesosphere. It is denser and hotter than the upper mantle and is solid (due to pressure) and extremely hot, about 1,600˚F at the top and 4,000˚F at the bottom. This is the largest layer and helps to buffer us from the extremely high temperatures in the core. See notes (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

(C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org Mantle (Peridotite) Peridotite, a rock made primarily of the minerals olivine and pyroxene, makes up much of the lower mantle. Do not spend much time here. Just let students see what it looks like. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Garnet_peridotite.jpg (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

(C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org Outer Core The outer core is a liquid layer, more fluid than the asthenosphere, because it is hotter than the mantle but not as hot as the inner core. This is a good summary picture showing the layers close to accurate proportions. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure_of_the_Earth#mediaviewer/File:Earth_poster.svg However, it is under less pressure than the inner core allowing it to remain a liquid. It is made of molten iron and nickel. See notes (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

(C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org The Inner core is solid and made up mostly of iron. It is about 70% of the size of the moon and may have a temperature similar to the sun's surface. The solid Inner core floats in the liquid outer core and spins at a rate different from the rest of the planet. Scientists theorize this spinning causes Earth’s magnetic fields. The inner core provides the source of heat (energy) to sustain our planet. See notes (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

(C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org Core (Iron) The Earth’s core is the densest layer. It is made up of iron-nickel alloy and small amounts of carbon, oxygen, or sulfur. This is also found in meteorites. http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5266/5686403090_d698a4b132_z.jpg See notes (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

Vocabulary Check-Exit List As the lesson progresses, complete the provided “Vocabulary Check- Exit List” Place a check mark when you are able to: label the vocabulary word under the label column. Explain the word If you need help on a word, then check the help column. At the end of class, you will turn this in as an exit ticket.

This concludes the power point. Now you have a sheet to complete. Fun Stuff. http://tperruna32.wikispaces.com/file/view/Screen_shot_2011-03-07_at_8.11.50_PM.png/208243700/800x515/Screen_shot_2011-03-07_at_8.11.50_PM.png (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

Color each layer. Add the ocean and mountains on top. Ocean - blue Worksheet Information Color each layer. Add the ocean and mountains on top.   Ocean - blue Mountains - brown and green Lithosphere – purple Asthenosphere – orange Deep mantle – red Outer core – yellow Inner core – gray/silver This goes with the worksheet. (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org