The Qin and the Han Remind them about the Zhou dynasty and their idea of the Mandate of Heaven. EQ: How did the Qin Dynasty unify China? strengthened imperial power, built highways and irrigation products, standardized weights, measure, coins, and writing.

The Qin New emperor was known as Shi Huangdi In 221 B.C. Shi Huangdi began ending battles between warring states Shi Huangdi was a Legalist Tried wiping out Confucian teachings Killed 460 critics Burnt books with ideas he didn’t like Shi Huangdi ran out nomad invaders China grew even larger than what they were under Zhou

Uniting China Shi Huangdi wanted a strong central government Took land from noble families* Forced nobles to live at the capital To unite lands he controlled he built highways and irrigation projects Forced peasants to work on the projects Set high taxes to fund his projects Set government standards for weights, measures, coins, and writing** *Weakened noble families **By setting government standards it made trade easier throughout China Think about it: Why do you think he made nobles live at the capital? Keep an eye on them

The Great Wall Shi Huangdi built a wall along the northern border* Forced hundreds of thousands of peasants and criminals to build it Many workers died from labor** *Built wall to keep out invaders **Deaths caused great resentment among the people The Great Wall linked smaller walls that were built during the warring states period in 403 B.C.

The Qin Dynasty Ends Shi Haungdi died in 210 B.C. He was buried in an elaborate tomb Near his tomb terra cotta soldiers were buried* Shi Haungdi’s son took over and was a less effective ruler A civil war broke out and General Liu Bang defeated the Qin forces** *Terracotta is baked clay ** Lee-oo bahng REVIEW: Why did Shi Haungdi kill so many Confucians? Believed in Legalism and did not want Confucian ideas to be used Why do you think he had soldiers made and placed around his tomb? Protect him in the afterlife

The Han Dynasty Began in 202 B.C. He continued the Qin policy of a strong central government but lowered taxes Created less harsh punishments The peasant men owed a month of labor to the government (building roads, canals and irrigation projects) Bureaucracy- family members and trusted people* Tested candidates on their knowledge of Confucianism to find the most educated and ethical people to run offices* EQ: How did the Han rule China? They used a bureaucracy *Confucianism: Is it a religion or a philosophy? VOCAB: Bureaucracy: officials chosen by the ruler ran offices, or bureaus. They helped enforce the emperor’s rule.

Empress Rules When Liu Bang died in 195 B.C. his widow ruled* Their son was too young to be in charge She outlived her son and continued to place infants on the throne * She died in 180 B.C. All of her relatives were executed * Lee-oo *Why do you think she placed infants on the throne as opposed to older individuals? She was able to continue ruling because they were too young to rule.

Wudi began to rule the Han Empire Became known as Martial Emperor* Expanding the Empire Wudi began to rule the Han Empire Became known as Martial Emperor* Used war to expand China Gained southern Chinese providences, northern Vietnam, and northern Korea Faced rebellions, peasant revolts, floods, famine, and economic disasters and they still ruled until 220 A.D. From 141 B.C. to 87 B.C. *Because he used war to expand China By the end of Wudi’s rule he had expanded China nearly as big as it is today. REVIEW: How did the Han rulers find people for government jobs? Han rulers set up a system of tests. They tested for knowledge of Confucianism.

Life in Han China City Living Daily life Trade Education Government Lived and worked on farms Lived in villages One to two story mud houses* Rich farmers had an ox to pull plows** Few simple tools Simple clothing North- raised wheat and millet South- rice Families had vegetable gardens for additional food Meat and fish were pricey Trade Education Government Merchants, craftspeople, and government officials lived there Crowded Entertainment- musicians, jugglers, and acrobats EQ: What was life like in Han China? Many lived in small rural villages and worked as farmers. Others lived in cities and worked in business and government *Barns, pigsties, and storage buildings were also located there. **Poor had to pull their own plows. REVIEW: How was the lives of the farmers different from the city dwellers?

Overview: The Qin The Han Began in 202 B.C. Strong central government Created less harsh punishments Bureaucracy Tested candidates on their knowledge of Confucianism* Shi Huangdi was a legalist Tried wiping out Confucian teachings Killed 460 critics Burnt books with ideas he didn’t like Strong central government To unite lands he controlled he built highways and irrigation projects Set high taxes to fund his projects Set government standards for weights, measures, coins, and writing How did the Qin develop a strong central government? Weakened noble families by keeping an eye on them and taking away land. *Confucianism is a PHILOSOPHY