Unit 3: Civil War & Reconstruction 11.8.17

Assassination of President Lincoln Lincoln elected to his second term in 1864 April 14, 1865, he is assassinated at Ford’s Theater in Washington, DC John Wilkes Booth Believed he was saving the Confederacy

Assassination of President Lincoln Most of America, even the South, was shocked Northerners blamed Southerners and wanted the South punished Vice President Andrew Johnson takes over Tension between North & South extremely high

Reconstruction 1865-1877 A period of rebuilding (especially the South) & reorganization thousands of former slaves suddenly found themselves free individuals Much of what happened during this time will set the stage for race relations that continue today

# African-Americans in Congress Years # African-Americans in Congress 1869-1879 15 1929-1939 2 1879-1889 4 1939-1949 3 1889-1899 5 1949-1959 1899-1909 1 1959-1969 7 1909-1919 1969-1979 21 1919-1929 2017 50 What do you notice? Why do you think this happened?

Objectives What happened after the Civil War? Why did it take 100+ years for black Americans to get equal rights?

Reconstruction Key Goals: Bring the South back into the union Integrate and protect freedmen

Phases of Reconstruction 1865-1867 Phase 1: Presidential Reconstruction 1867-1877 Phase 2: Radical Reconstruction 1877 Phase 3: “Redemption” / End of Reconstruction

Political Parties Lincoln: A more moderate Republican Southern Democrats – Want a system as close to slavery as possible Radical Republicans – Hate slavery, want the South to give Black Americans rights Johnson: Southerner who sympathized with the South

Phase 1: Presidential Reconstruction Lincoln’s 10% Plan Pardon to Confederates who swore allegiance to the Union After 10% of the people had sworn allegiance, states could create new state Constitutions States could then hold elections Lincoln’s idea during war – Dec 1863 This idea offered a tone of forgiveness But Congress wanted to punish the South & Lincoln is assassinated The 10% plan never went into effect

President Johnson Southerner who was allied with poor whites Was chosen as Lincoln’s running mate to try to get Lincoln Southern support

Phase 1: Johnson’s Plan Allowed states to hold Constitutional Conventions States had to void secession and abolish slavery Pardoned wealthy Southerners who swore allegiance Significance: More generous to the South than either Lincoln or RR’s

Southern Defiance South started enacting Black Codes and Jim Crow laws to limit African-Americans rights Violence against African-Americans increases Birth of the KKK Curfews Vagrancy laws Labor contracts Land restrictions

Phase 2: Radical Reconstruction President Grant (1869-77) Put the South under military rule Forced states to allow all men to vote Supporters of the Confederacy could not vote States had to ratify 14th Amendment Required states to guarantee equal rights to all

Phase 2 Negatives: Sharecropping Summary: Whites own the land Freedmen rent land/materials/tools Freedmen only get “shares” Forever in debt

Phase 2 Positives: African-Americans in Government Thousands of African-Americans were elected to local and state governments in the South 17 African-Americans were elected to Congress from 1870-1877

Phase 2 Positives: Freedmen’s Bureau - 1865 Gives African-Americans: Schools Jobs Training

Compromise of 1877 Republican Hayes lost popular vote to Democrat Samuel Tilden Electoral vote disputed Southern Democrats agreed to give Hayes the win if: He took federal troops out of South Give $ to South for railroads and levees

Reconstruction Dies In South… Former Confederates pardoned, return to power Democrats from South blocked national reforms Supreme Court limits 14th and 15th Amendments, lets states “protect” rights