CHAPTER 7 Section 1 Terms, People, and Places Clovis Medieval Franks Charles Martel Battle of Tours Charlemagne Magyars Vikings

Clovis – King of the Franks, conquered the former Roman province of Gaul in 486, which later became the kingdom of France (first leader of Frank Territory). He converted to Christianity, the religion of his subjects. He unified his people with faith and education. He was crowned emperor of the Romans and was an Ally of the Pope, leader of the Christian church in Rome. Medieval – Latin for “Middle Age” (500-1500) Franks – A Germanic tribe that conquered parts of the Roman Empire Charles Martel - Rallied Frankish warriors at the Battle of Tours in 732. This is where Christian warriors triumphed over a Muslim army. They were outside invaders who attacked from Western Europe thru Spain.

Battle of Tours – A victory for Christian warriors over a Muslim army Battle of Tours – A victory for Christian warriors over a Muslim army. The Franks believed this was a sign that God was on their side. Charlemagne – The grandson of Charles Martel who became King of the Franks in 768. he briefly united Western Europe when he built an empire reaching across what is now France, Germany, and part of Italy. Also named Charles, he became known as Charlemagne, or Charles the Great.

Magyars – About 900, a new wave of nomadic people, the Magyars settled in present-day Hungary. From there, they overran Eastern Europe and moved on to plunder Germany, parts of France, and Italy. Finally, after about 50 years, they were pushed back into Hungary. Vikings – Broke the last threads of unity in Charlemagne’s empire as invaders. At home in Scandinavia – a northern region that now includes Norway, Sweden, and Denmark – the Vikings were independent farmers ruled by land-owning chieftains.

CHAPTER 7 Section 2 Terms, People, and Places Feudalism Vassal Feudal Contract Fief Knight Tournament Chivalry Troubadour Manor Serf

Feudalism – Loosely organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their landholdings among lesser lords. A way for Medieval societies to protect themselves. Vassal – A lesser lord who pledged services and loyalty to the greater (liege) lord. Lived on and controlled, Manors throughout a lord’s territory. They would also serve in the military as an obligation under his Feudal contract. Feudal Contract – An exchange of pledges between lord and vassal.

Fief – A grant of Land promised to a lesser lord (vassal) by a high lord (liege) through the feudal system - An estate that ranged from a few acres to hundreds of square miles. In addition to the land, the fief included peasants to work the land, as well as any towns or buildings on it. Knight – A mounted warrior. Tournament – A mock battle knights engaged in. Chivalry – The knights’ code of conduct. Troubadour – Wandering musician. Manor – The lord’s estate. Serf – Peasants who were bound to the land on a manor.

CHAPTER 7 Section 3 Terms, People, and Places Sacrament Benedictine Rule Secular Papal Supremacy Canon Law Excommunication Interdict Friar St. Francis of Assisi

Sacrament – Sacred rite of the church Sacrament – Sacred rite of the church. Christians believed that participation in the sacraments would lead them to salvation, or everlasting life with God. Benedictine Rule – Rule used by monasteries across Europe. Secular – Worldly Papal Supremacy – Authority over all secular rulers including Kings and Emporers.

Canon Law – The Church’s body of laws. Excommunication – Penalty of removal from the Church and its practices. Interdict – Order excluding a town, region, or kingdom from the rites of the Church. Friar – Monk who does not live in an isolated monastery. They traveled and preached the gospels . St. Francis of Assisi – A wealthy Italian who gave up his comfortable life and left home, he devoted himself to preaching the gospels and teaching by his own examples of good works. He established the first order of the friars.

CHAPTER 7 Section 4 Terms, People, and Places Charter Capitol Partnership Tenant Farmer Middle Class Guild Apprentice Journeymen

Charter – Document outlining a town’s rights and privileges Charter – Document outlining a town’s rights and privileges. To protect their interests, the merchants who set up a new town asked the local lord, or the king himself, for a charter. In return, merchants paid the lord or the king a large sum of money, a yearly fee, or gave him trade goods. Capitol – Money for investment. Partnership – Relationship between two or more businesses.

Tenant Farmer – Farmer who pays rent for his land Middle Class – Social Class that ranked between noble and peasant. Merchants were this emerging class. Guild – Association of merchants and artisans that formed to protect shared economic interests. Apprentice – Traniee Journeymen – Salaried worker