MUH Music History I “Plainchant and Secular Monophony”

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Presentation transcript:

MUH 3211 - Music History I “Plainchant and Secular Monophony” 9/21/2018 Chapter 1 “Plainchant and Secular Monophony” DAY 7 (20 Sep 17)

Secular Music Who? What? Jongleurs – itinerant entertainers (minstrel, etc.) Goliards – traveling clergy Latin poetry, satires Carmina Burana

France (courts) Troubadours (south: langue d’oc – Occitan) - 2500 texts (about 10% w/ music) Trouvères (north: medieval French) - 2100 texts (most w/ music) trouver = “to find” (invent) - writers/composers & performers Songs of “Courtly Love” (code of chivalry) Strophic Monophonic (?) or accompanied (??)

Miniature Initial: Paris BN MS 124 Beatriz de Dia (d. c. 1212) Daughter of Count Isoard II (Diá in south France) “trobairitz” (female) Married to William of Poitiers, but…loved… (?) Raimbaut of Orange (c. 1147 – 1173) Anthology I/6 Beatriz de Dia: “A chantar” (track 3 – 5:06) Text & translation Miniature Initial: Paris BN MS 124

Miniature Initial: Paris BN: Chansonnier K (p. 27r) Peire Vidal fl c. 1175 – c. 1215 Troubadour About 50 surviving poems (12 w/ melodies) “Baros, de mon dan covet” (Anthology I/7) - Ex. 1 (rhythmicized) - Ex. 2 (free rhythm) Miniature Initial: Paris BN: Chansonnier K (p. 27r)

Spain Cantigas de Santa Maria Composed 13th century Alfonso de Sabio (King) (owner, composer?) 400 songs in honor of Virgin Mary Anthology I/8

Walther von der Vogelweide (c. 1170-12-30 MUH 3211 - Music History I 9/21/2018 Germany Minnesinger (“Minne” = love) 12th – 13th centuries “Bar Form” (AAB) Anthology I/9 - Walther von der Vogelweide - Palästinalied Walther von der Vogelweide (c. 1170-12-30 DAY 7 (20 Sep 17)

MUH 3211 - Music History I “Polyphony to 1300” 9/21/2018 Chapter 2 “Polyphony to 1300” DAY 7 (20 Sep 17)

Polyphony Defined? Two (or more) lines [voices] combined Origins? – possibly improvised Notated – earliest in mid-9th century Based on plainchant “Organum” (generic term for most early polyphony)

Musica enchiriadis “music handbook” (c. mid-late 800s) Literally, “how to make music” Organum - parallel voices at the 4th and/or 5th Vox principalis (given) = chant Vox organalis (improvised [usually] below) Can be doubled at octave (4 voices total) Ex. parallel organum and more parallel organum Also see textbook examples

Musica Enchiradis (excerpt) Beginnings of independent lines Ex. Two-part organum