But First… Deviancy Like eating all the food or hoarding for winter… Theodore Deviancy is something that is outside, or violates, a social norm. Best example? Breaking a law Deviancy provides clarification and definition of social norms. Types of punishment (SANCTIONS)- Formal Going to jail for a crime against society.

Socialization …because sociology deals with the study of groups. The cultural process of learning to participate in a group.

Socialization Process where we learn and acquire/internalize the attitudes, values, beliefs and norms of a culture and develop a sense of self. Is a life-long process. Can include rites of passage such as ceremonies that demarcate movement from one stage to another. Takes place in stages: Imitative, Play, Game

Stages Imitative Play Game Imitate Significant People in your Life Mimic social roles Awareness of self away from significant others Play Pretend to fill social roles Learn norms and role of expectations of significant others Game Assume actual social roles Anticipate actions of others Conform to roles and expectations

Agents of Socialization Groups and institutions that both formally and informally socialize individuals and groups of people. Family You are most impressionable during the earliest years. Play is supervised and slowly becomes less supervised as you grow up

Agents Continued School Primary Socialization- Childhood and adolescence. This stage: Imitation  Play  Game Stages Mead believed that role taking was the most important where we develop the ability to anticipate what others expect of us. Religion gives us a set of values and beliefs to guide our lives. School Make friends with peers and develop a social identity Are all of you the same? Same interests and values?

Peers What your interests are and your shared values/beliefs. More on this later Media Give aspirations for life Means of escape- But can also be “who you are not” is this dangerous? (Catfish) Promote traditional and cultural values. More on this later.

Agents of Socialization YOU!

The Family The family has the greatest impact on socialization. This is where a person spends most of their time. Family gives a person a social position of race, religion, ethnicity, and class. What are some examples of how this would affect the socialization of a child.

School School is a place (most of the time) that you can go and see people different from you. Schools teach children a wide range of knowledge and skills. However, schools also convey other lessons known as hidden curriculum – informal lessons on how a society works.

School, cont. Example – Spelling bees and sports – what informal lessons are learned here? School is also most children’s first experience with bureaucracy. The school day runs on impersonal rules and a strict time schedule, using bells, student i.d. numbers, etc.

Peer Groups A social group whose members have interests, social position, and age in common. The peer group lets children escape the direct supervision of adults. Among their peers, children learn how to form relationships on their own.

Mass & Social Media Impersonal communications aimed at a vast audience. The average household has at least one TV turned on for seven hours each day. Almost half of our free time is spent watching TV. Are children are being “reared” by TV? For children are Sesame Street, Barney, and Mr. Rogers a bad thing? They teach skills we need in school. “Clean up, Clean up, Everybody everywhere, clean up, clean up, everybody do your share.”

Media cont. Research shows that watching TV makes children more passive and less likely to use their imagination Also, what effect does all of the sex and violence children see on TV have on their development? Future behavior? Their attitudes towards what is “acceptable” behavior?

Nature v. Nurture Socialization can be looked at as a nurture process because it deals with human development not based on genetics. However, some use genetics and inheritance to explain how we become who we are (nature). Sociobiology: integrating theories from both sociology and biology to better understand human development. Including Nature and Nurture.

Personality Our behavior is not biologically set, unlike animals- animals fit the nature side of the debate. We need social experience to learn culture and survive. Nurture Social experience is the foundation for personality – a person’s fairly consistent patterns of acting, thinking, and feeling.

The Role of Nature Are people “born bad”? Are women born to be more emotional than men? Are men naturally more rational than women?

If you say yes, then you would say that nature plays a big role in who we are. People used to say that nature was the dominant force to justify racism, colonialism (slaves aren’t as “human” as we are….) Who believes our traits enhance our survival?

The Role of Nurture Idea of behaviorism – behavior is not instinctive but learned. This is the idea that our experiences have much more of an impact on who we are than does our genetic background. John B. Watson

But what you inherit depends on environmental factors, so nurture really matters in shaping human behavior.

Other Agents of Socialization Religion (discussed earlier) Work Place The State Military

Social Isolation There have been studies on monkeys and cases of isolated children that have given sociologists information on how we develop. Harry Harlow

The cases of Isabelle, Anna (1940’s) and Genie (1970’s) Isolation in infancy can cause permanent developmental damage, both physical and emotional.

Sociologists love… Socialization and its effects on social interaction among people and social learning about personal identity and role acquisition. Identical Twins Socially Isolated Children Feral Children

How are we human? Construction of Personality Attitudes of… Attitudes Feelings Behaviors …Your concept of self Even if our personality is “fixed” the person that we present to others changes and it changes from situation to situation.

Process of Socialization Whenever change occurs over the course of your life, you will learn new behaviors and skills Four processes associated with Socialization: 1) Desocialization 2) Resocialization 3) Anticipatory socialization 4) Reference groups

Desocialization The process by which people give up old norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors. How do we accomplish this? Take away personal possessions – take away uniqueness. Also, person becomes known as a number. Loss of privacy.

Extreme Examples TOTAL INSTITUTIONS

Moderate Examples

“Normal” Examples

Still Normal

Resocialization The process in which people adopt new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors. How does this happen? Elaborate system of rewards and punishments. – given rewards for “positive behavior” Think about the military – give me some examples.

Anticipatory Socialization The process of preparing for new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors. This involves voluntary change. Think about going from middle school to high school.

Reference group The group people use to evaluate themselves and from which they acquire attitudes, values, beliefs, and norms. Reference groups are the tool for anticipatory socialization.

George Herbert Mead “The Social Self” The Social Self-develops with social experience. Self Concept- image of yourself as having separate identity from others. Looking-glass self- a self image based on how we think others see us. Kind of like a what you see when you look in a mirror. “The Social Self” Symbolic Interactionism

How do these concepts relate to: Anorexia or bulimia? A child who is told they will never amount to anything? A friend who is always asking “how do I look?” The winner of a beauty pageant? WHO ARE YOUR SIGNIFICANT OTHERS?

Example of Socialization… Is this “natural” to anyone? Dating 101 1. A man should not sit down at the table in a restaurant until the woman is seated. 2. A man should always pull out a woman’s chair for her and see that she is served first. A man should never let a woman carry anything heavy; she should carry only a small package and her coat.

A man always leads when dancing. Nice observation Ken and Barbie! A man always leads when dancing. Barbie and Ken think this is NOT appropriate for homecoming! TOO CLOSE…

5. A man should help a woman put on and take off her coat. 6. A man should always open a door for a woman and let her pass in front of him.

What are the norms for Dating 101 in 2015? Is chivalry dead? … You tell me.

How has your family socialized you?