Middle Ages Review 500-1500 Feudalism and the Manor System The Crusades – a series of wars, 1096-1204, in which European Christians battled Muslims for control of the Holy Land The Black Death – an epidemic of the bubonic plague that swept Europe from 1347-1353, killing about 1/3 of population The Hundred Years’ War – a series of conflicts between England and France from 1337-1453, in which England lost control of most of its territory to France

Describe the ideal person today Describe the ideal person today. Looking at society as a whole, what is the main emphasis in the United states for most people? (religion, their children, cars, etc.)

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1300-1500(1600) Transition from medieval times to modern times Renaissance 1300-1500(1600) Transition from medieval times to modern times

The Renaissance = “rebirth” was a time when creative thinking and new technology helped people to more accurately understand their world. Slow shift from agricultural to urban society New attitude to learning and culture Old focus – religion and spirituality New focus – richness and variety of human experience in the here and now

New emphasis on individual achievement The Renaissance ideal was a person with talents in many fields New spirit of adventure Navigators, scientists, writers, artists – exploring new areas “To (man) it is granted to have whatever he chooses, to be whatever he wills.” – Pico Della Mirandola

Humanism At the heart of the Italian Renaissance was an intellectual movement known as Humanism. Studied classical culture of Greece and Rome but used that study to increase their understanding of their own times. Believed education should stimulate creative efforts

Humanism Emphasized humanities – grammar, rhetoric (study of using language effectively), poetry, history Francesco Petrarch (PEE trahrk) Florentine who lived in 1300s early Renaissance poet, humanist, scholar Assembled large library of Greek and Roman manuscripts Him and others allowed works of Cicero, Homer, Virgil to be rediscovered by Western Europeans

Italy – cradle of the Renaissance Birthplace Over next 100 years, it spread to rest of Europe and eventually transformed the entire Western world. Why was it the birthplace?

Why? Italy’s history and geography History Geography Had been center of Roman empire Architectural remains, statues, coins Seat of Roman Catholic church Geography Location encouraged trade with well-developed markets

Italy’s city states Divided into many small city states Each was controlled by a powerful family and dominated by wealthy, powerful merchant class Their emphasis on art and personal achievement helped shape the Italian Renaissance Ex: Medici (MED uh chee) family of Florence http://www.awesomestories.com/assets/renaissance-birth-of-a-dynasty-part-1

Renaissance art flowers Renaissance art reflected the ideas of humanism Ren. Artists portrayed religions themes Donatello Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo Raphael