Population, Government, and Economics

Population - definition Population – all of the individuals of a species that live together. Size – the overall number of individuals in a given area such as a city, state, or country

Population - density Density – a measure of the number of people living in an area (expressed as persons per square mile of square kilometer. species that live together.

Population – factors that affect density Birthrate – the annual number of births per 1,000 people Deathrate – the annual number of deaths per 1,000 people Population Counter

Population – factors that affect density Migration – the process of moving from one place to another. Immigration – the movement of people into a population Emigration – the movement of individuals of a population

citizen participation? Government Type of government is based on one key question: Who governs and what is the level of citizen participation? There are many different types of government. We will only be discussing three: Democracy Monarchy Communism

Government - Democracy Government is elected by the people. Everyone who is eligible to vote has a chance to have their say over who runs the country. It is distinct from governments controlled by a particular social class or group (aristocracy; oligarchy) or by a single person (despotism; dictatorship; monarchy). A democracy is determined either directly or through elected representatives.

Government - Monarchy A monarchy has a king, queen, emperor or empress. The ruling position can be passed on to the ruler’s heirs. Two types: Traditional monarchy - the monarch has absolute power Constitutional monarchy (like the UK) also has a democratic government that limits the monarch’s control.

Government - Communism In a communist country, the government owns property such as businesses and farms. It provides its people’s healthcare, education, and welfare. Singing History Teachers

Economy - definition Economy – a system for producing, distributing, and consuming goods and services.

Economy - components Goods – products that are made to be sold Ex: cars, baskets, computers, paper, clothes Services – work done or duties performed for other people Ex: work of a doctor, janitor, beautician Producers – people who makes products or offers services that are used by other people Ex: factory worker, doctor, janitor Consumers – people who buy or use goods and services Ex: everyone who buys anything

Economy - types There are many different kinds of economies around the world. Most of them fall into 3 basic categories: Traditional Economy Command Economy Market Economy

Economy - Traditional Traditional Economy – A system in which the allocation of resources and other economic activities are affect by ritual, custom, or habit. Example – The Tuareg of the Sahara Nomadic herders who travel about the region in search of food and water for their animals. They produce most of the things they need and trade with others for what they need and cannot produce.

Economy - Command Command Economy – A system organized around a central authority which makes most of the major economic decisions. The government decides what products are made, how much is produced, and what the goods cost. Example – Cuba’s economy. Most of the means of production are owned and run by the government, and most of the labor force is employed by the state. In 2000, 76% of people were employed by the state and only 23% were employed by private business. The Cuban government sets most prices and rations goods to citizens.

Economy – Market Market Economy – A system in which individuals depend on supply, demand, and prices to determine the answers to the 4 economic questions of: What to produce? How to produce? Amount to produce? And for whom to produce? Most businesses privately owned When a company sells its products, it earns a profit. Owners decide how to use profits and how much to pay workers. Example: The U.S.A.’s free enterprise system Singing History Teachers Think about it . . . Why would consumers be important to a market economy?

Economy – Other terms to know Gross Domestic Product (GDP) – The value of all goods and services produced within a country in a single year. Developed Countries – countries with strong economies and a high quality of life Developing Countries – countries with less productive economies and a lower quality of life