Landscape design principles BDHS 2014

Landscape Design The art of developing property for its greatest use and enjoyment Involves understanding the environment around the structure and selecting plants that perform well in that environment. ©iStockphoto.com

Landscape Value Determinants Landscape Design Civil Engineering and Architecture TM Unit 4 – Lesson 4.7 - Landscaping Landscape Value Determinants Good design results in adding value to property and enhancing quality of life. Aesthetic appeal Economic value Functional value Environmental effects ©iStockphoto.com Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2007

Aesthetic Appeal Add visual beauty Hide undesirable features Landscape Design Civil Engineering and Architecture TM Unit 4 – Lesson 4.7 - Landscaping Aesthetic Appeal Add visual beauty Hide undesirable features Emphasize desirable features Appeal to all five senses Sight Hearing Touch Taste Smell ©iStockphoto.com Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2007

Economic Value Increase property value 6 to 15 percent Landscape Design Civil Engineering and Architecture TM Unit 4 – Lesson 4.7 - Landscaping Economic Value Increase property value 6 to 15 percent Reduce energy costs Buffer wind Control solar heat gain Planting trees and shrubs strategically can reduce energy costs by sheltering a structure from cold winter winds (as shown in the image on the left) or shading a structure and pavement from the hot summer sun (as shown in the image on the right). Courtesy USDA ©iStockphoto.com Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2007

Functional Value Aesthetic value Enhance livability Landscape Design Civil Engineering and Architecture TM Unit 4 – Lesson 4.7 - Landscaping Functional Value Aesthetic value Enhance livability Conservation and environmental protection Solar heat control Wind control Sound control Slope stabilization ©iStockphoto.com Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2007

Environmental Effects Landscape Design Civil Engineering and Architecture TM Unit 4 – Lesson 4.7 - Landscaping Environmental Effects ©iStockphoto.com Landscaping can Moderate temperatures Reduce glare and wind Use water more efficiently Clean the air Provide wildlife habitat Bird and Butterfly habitat Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2007

Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Rules and Regulations State, local, and/or community regulations may control landscape design. Storm water drainage Tree ordinances Street trees Street yard Buffer yards Street wall Parking screen and islands Trash screen Often regulations control certain aspects of the landscaping of commercial properties.

Rules and Regulations Storm water regulations Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Rules and Regulations Storm water regulations Storm water drainage – Local codes often limit the post-development quantity of runoff to pre-development levels, and landscaping can have a major impact on the quantity of storm water runoff. ©iStockphoto.com

Rules and Regulations Tree Ordinances Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Rules and Regulations Tree Ordinances Tree ordinances typically protect trees of specific species and sizes. Cutting of these trees is prohibited. ©iStockphoto.com

Rules and Regulations Street Trees Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Rules and Regulations Street Trees Tree ordinances are often enacted to control the destruction or cutting of trees. Street Trees. In some communities, the owners of properties are required to plant and maintain trees along public roadways. Street Yard. A street yard is an area within the property line between the property line and the

Rules and Regulations Street Yard Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Rules and Regulations Street Yard Street Yard. A street yard is an area within the property line between the property line and the

Rules and Regulations Buffer Yards Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Rules and Regulations Buffer Yards

Rules and Regulations Parking Screens and Islands Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Rules and Regulations Parking Screens and Islands Parking islands are often required to break up vast areas of pavement in parking areas. Screening, which can involve vegetation or man-made screens, are often required to hide the negative aesthetics of a parking lot from nearby streets and properties.

Rules and Regulations Trash Screen Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Rules and Regulations Trash Screen Regulations often require unsightly elements, such as trash receptacles, loading docks, and mechanical equipment, to be screened from the view of adjacent properties.

Unintended Results of Landscaping Landscape Design Civil Engineering and Architecture TM Unit 4 – Lesson 4.7 - Landscaping Unintended Results of Landscaping Air Pollution: Gasoline-powered landscape equipment (mowers, trimmers, blowers, and chainsaws) account for more than 5% of our urban air pollution. Chemical Toxins: Residential application of pesticides is typically at a rate 20 times that of farmers per acre. Solid Wastes: Yard wastes (mostly grass clippings) comprise 20% of municipal solid waste collected. Most still end up in landfills. Flooding and Water Pollution: A lawn has less than 10% of the water absorption capacity of natural woodland – a reason for suburban flooding. Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2007

Environmentally Friendly Landscaping Landscape Design Civil Engineering and Architecture TM Unit 4 – Lesson 4.7 - Landscaping Environmentally Friendly Landscaping Protect natural areas Reduce turf Mulch planted areas Use native plant species Reduce energy consumption – Low maintenance landscaping Environmentally friendly materials Use Xeriscape techniques Courtesy EPA Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2007

Xeriscape 1. Proper planning and design Landscape Design Civil Engineering and Architecture TM Unit 4 – Lesson 4.7 - Landscaping Xeriscape Landscaping philosophy that seeks to minimize the need for water. 1. Proper planning and design 2. Soil analysis / improvements 3. Appropriate plant selection 4. Practical turf areas 5. Efficient irrigation 6. Use of mulches 7. Appropriate maintenance The xeriscape landscaping in the picture uses several species of hardy native plants that use little water. Xeriscape in Colorado Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2007

Group plants by water use zones Landscape Design Civil Engineering and Architecture TM Unit 4 – Lesson 4.7 - Landscaping Water Use Zones PLANTING TYPE WATER USE Native Plant Low Cactus Garden Herb Garden Moderate to Low Fruit Trees Moderate Flower Garden High Vegetable Garden Moderate to High (depends on crops) Wildflower Meadow High (germination) Low (once established) Lawn Moderate to High Group plants by water use zones Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2007

Principles of Design Repetition Balance Emphasis Unity Landscape Design Civil Engineering and Architecture TM Unit 4 – Lesson 4.7 - Landscaping Principles of Design Concepts used to organize the elements of a design Repetition Balance Emphasis Unity Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2007

Principles of Design Repetition Use of the same element over and over Landscape Design Civil Engineering and Architecture TM Unit 4 – Lesson 4.7 - Landscaping Principles of Design Repetition Use of the same element over and over Repetition is achieved when the same line, shape, color, texture, plant, or material is used throughout the landscape Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2007

Repetition Which elements are repeated? Landscape Design Civil Engineering and Architecture TM Unit 4 – Lesson 4.7 - Landscaping Repetition The same red color, shrub species, curved lines, and decorative curb are repeated throughout the landscape. ©iStockphoto.com Which elements are repeated? Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2007

Principles of Design Balance Landscape Design Civil Engineering and Architecture TM Unit 4 – Lesson 4.7 - Landscaping Principles of Design Balance A sense of equality that can either be symmetric or asymmetric. Formal Balance – A symmetrical design in which the design can be divided into two identical halves. Informal Balance – An asymmetrical design that can not be divided into identical halves but that provides an overall sense of equilibrium. Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2007

Balance Formal Balance Landscape Design Civil Engineering and Architecture TM Unit 4 – Lesson 4.7 - Landscaping Balance ©iStockphoto.com Formal Balance Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2007

Principles of Design Emphasis Landscape Design Civil Engineering and Architecture TM Unit 4 – Lesson 4.7 - Landscaping Principles of Design Emphasis The result of focusing attention on one aspect of a design. Emphasis is constructed by creating a visual path from at least one vantage point to the focal point. Focal Point – The object of attention Vantage Point – The place from which the focal point is viewed Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2007

Emphasis What is the focal point? Landscape Design Civil Engineering and Architecture TM Unit 4 – Lesson 4.7 - Landscaping Emphasis Image by the Environmental Protection Agency What is the focal point? Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2007

Principles of Design Unity Landscape Design Civil Engineering and Architecture TM Unit 4 – Lesson 4.7 - Landscaping Principles of Design Unity The impression that the separate parts of the design belong together or are part of a whole. Unity is created by A consistent style (Japanese, formal, etc.) Visual pathways Consistent color scheme Repetition of lines, plants, and hardscape Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2007

Unity Is the design unified? Why? Landscape Design Civil Engineering and Architecture TM Unit 4 – Lesson 4.7 - Landscaping Unity ©iStockphoto.com ©iStockphoto.com Is the design unified? Why? Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2007

Landscape Design Process Civil Engineering and Architecture TM Unit 4 – Lesson 4.7 - Landscaping Landscape Design Process Concept (Master) Plan Delineate spaces Hardscape Planting beds Turf areas Use straight lines or smooth curves Locate plants by broad classification Deciduous or coniferous Tree or shrub Groundcover Turf Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2007

Concept Plan Landscape Design Civil Engineering and Architecture TM Unit 4 – Lesson 4.7 - Landscaping Concept Plan Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2007

Landscape Design Process Civil Engineering and Architecture TM Unit 4 – Lesson 4.7 - Landscaping Landscape Design Process Hardscape Driveway, walks, patio, deck, walls, and fences Garden structures – Gazebo, trellis, arch Garden ornaments – fountains, sculptures birdbaths, etc. Furniture ©iStockphoto.com Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2007

Landscape Design Process Civil Engineering and Architecture TM Unit 4 – Lesson 4.7 - Landscaping Landscape Design Process Plant Material Height Spread (width) Deciduous or coniferous Form or shape (columnar, cone, round) Growth rate Growing conditions Sun, moisture, soil conditions Hardiness zone ©iStockphoto.com Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2007

USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map Landscape Design Civil Engineering and Architecture TM Unit 4 – Lesson 4.7 - Landscaping USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map http://www.usna.usda.gov/Hardzone/ushzmap.html Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2007

Landscape Design Process Civil Engineering and Architecture TM Unit 4 – Lesson 4.7 - Landscaping Landscape Design Process Planting Plan Indicates the location and species of plants ©iStockphoto.com Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2007

Planting Plan Landscape Design Civil Engineering and Architecture TM Unit 4 – Lesson 4.7 - Landscaping Planting Plan Project Lead The Way, Inc. Copyright 2007

Image Sources Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). Ariel Rios building south courtyard perspective. Retrieved at http://www.epa.gov/greeningepa/stormwater/ars_perspective. htm. istockphoto. (n.d.). Retrieved at http://www.istockphoto.com/index.php. United States Department of Agriculture. (n.d.). Conservation practices that save: Windbreaks/shelterbelts. Retrieved at http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/energy/windbreaks.html.