Energy Harvesting Day 4: Energy Storage

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Presentation transcript:

Energy Harvesting Day 4: Energy Storage April 18, 2013 Paul Nickelsberg Orchid Technologies Engineering and Consulting, Inc. www.orchid-tech.com

Energy Harvesting Review Energy harvesting is the process of capturing trace amounts of naturally occurring energy from various sources. Accumulating the Energy Storing the Energy Applying the Energy for Useful Purpose

Energy Storage Battery Energy Storage Super Capacitor Energy Storage Reservoir Energy Storage 3

Battery Energy Storage Shapes and Sizes 4

Battery Energy Storage Chemistry types Source: Wikipedia 5

Battery Energy Storage Chemistry types Source: Wikipedia 6

Battery Energy Storage Manganese Titanium Lithium Source: Panasonic 7

Battery Energy Storage Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMh) Source: Panasonic 8

Battery Energy Storage Rechargeable Lithium Ion (LiI) Source: Varta 9

Battery Energy Storage Primary Lithium Ion (LiI) TLL-5902 1/2AA Source: Tadiran 10

Battery Energy Storage Rechargeable Lithium Thin Film Battery Source: Cymbet 11

Battery Energy Storage Rechargeable Lithium Thin Film Battery Source: Cymbet 12

Super-capacitor Energy Storage Super Capacitor Vendors Cap-XX NESS Cap Maxwell Technologies, Inc 13

Super-capacitor Energy Storage Source: Maxwell Huge selection of product types 14

Super-capacitor Energy Storage Huge selection of product types Source: Nesscap 15

Super-capacitor Energy Storage Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitor (ELDC) - Electrostatic Energy Storage is non-chemical non-reactive - Porous Carbon Electrodes have very high surface area - Compact Charge Separation Distance 10 Angstroms - High charge / discharge cycle count - High reliability Source: Maxwell 16

Super-capacitor Energy Storage Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitor (ELDC) Vw : Working Voltage Vmin: Minimum Discharge Voltage Vr: Recovery Voltage Vf: Final Voltage C = qV C = (Idischarge x timedischarge ) / (Vworking – Vfinal) Source: Maxwell 17

Super-capacitor Energy Storage C = (Idischarge x timedischarge ) / (Vworking – Vfinal) Source: Cap-XXl 18

Super-capacitor Energy Storage C = (Idischarge x timedischarge ) / (Vworking – Vfinal) 19

Super-capacitor Energy Storage ELDC Capacitor Life Cycle High Charge / Discharge Count ESR Affects - Voltage Affects 20

Super-capacitor Energy Storage Source: Cap-XXl 21

Super-capacitor Energy Storage Cstore ≥ [Iquiessent+leak + (Iburst * tburst * fburst)] Tstore / (Vcap – Vout) Equation Term Typical Values Voltage Difference 0.7V (2.5 – 1.8) Total Time Frame 10 Seconds Application Current 1mA Quiescent Current 10µA C ≥ (0.000010 + 0.010) * 10 / (2.5 – 1.8) C ≥ 143 mF 1mA used 1 time per second over 10 Sec 22

Super-capacitor Energy Storage Icharge ≥ Iquiescent + ((Iburst * tburst) / Tstore Equation Term Typical Values Total Time Period 1 Second Total Use Interval 10 mSec Total Application Current 1 mA Total Quiescent Current 10 µA I ≥ 0.000010 + (0.001 * 0.01) / 1 I ≥ 20µA 1mA used 100 times per second 23

Reservoir Energy Storage 24

Energy Storage Come back tomorrow 25