Aim: Explain How China Split into Two Nations

The Two Chinas Affect the Cold War China had split into 2 nations 1) Island of Taiwan, or Nationalist China 2) Mainland, or People’s Republic of China Existence of 2 China’s intensified the Cold War 2

The Superpowers React After Jiang Jieshi fled to Taiwan, the US helped him set up a Nationalist government on Taiwan Called the Republic of China Soviets gave financial, military, & technical aid to Communist China Chinese & Soviets pledged to come to each other’s defense if either was attacked 3

China Expands Under the Communists Chinese troops expanded into Tibet, India, Inner Mongolia, Northern, Outer Mongolia (bordered Soviet Union) 1950 & 1951: China took control of Tibet Chinese promised autonomy to Tibetans who followed the Dalai Lama (religious leader) When China’s control over Tibet tightened, the Dalai Lama fled to India Result: resentment between India & China grew 4

The Cold War In The Skies August 1957: Soviets announced the development of a rocket that could travel great distances Oct 4, Soviets used an ICBM to push Sputnik, the first unmanned satellite, above the Earth’s atmosphere 1958: US launched its own satellite 1960: U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) started secret high-altitude spy flights over Soviet territory in planes called U-2’s U-2 incident heightened Cold War tension 5