MRWA Annual Meeting Bangor, Maine USEPA Regulatory Update Maureen R. McClelland December 10, 2014 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Overview Regulatory Process Proposed Regulatory Determinations UCMR 3 Legionella 9/21/2018 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Generalized Flow of Regulatory Processes Draft CCL Public review and comment Preliminary Regulatory Determinations Final CCL Final Regulatory Determinations Proposed Rule (NPDWR) Draft UCMR Final UCMR Final Rule (NPDWR) Six Year Review of Existing NPDWRs No further action if make decision to not to regulate (may develop health advisory). UCMR Monitoring Results

Statutory Requirements and the Drinking Water Regulatory Process (1996 SDWA Amendments*) Contaminant Candidate List (CCL) – SDWA requires EPA to develop a list of contaminants that are known or anticipated to occur in drinking water and to publish the list every five years. Regulatory Determination – EPA must decide whether or not to regulate at least five CCL contaminants with a national primary drinking water regulation (NPDWR) after evaluating criteria specified under the 1996 SDWA; Publish determinations on a five year cycle. Regulation Development - If EPA decides to regulate a contaminant, the Agency has 24 months to propose and 18 months to finalize the health goal and the NPDWR. *SDWA Section 1412(b)(1)

Interal Deliberative - Do Not Distribute Three Regulatory Determination Criteria Specified under the 1996 amendments to SDWA* SDWA requires EPA to publish a MCLG and promulgate an NPDWR for a contaminant if the Administrator determines that - 2) The contaminant is known to occur or there is substantial likelihood that the contaminant will occur in public water systems with a frequency and at levels of public health concern; and 1) The contaminant may have an adverse effect on the health of persons; 3) In the sole judgment of the Administrator, regulation of such contaminant presents a meaningful opportunity for health risk reduction for persons served by public water systems. *SDWA Section 1412(b)(1) 5 5 5 5

CCL 3 Proposed Regulatory Determinations Published in FR. October 20, 2014. Agency is making a preliminary determination to regulate Strontium and To Not Regulate four other contaminants: 1,3, dinitrobenzene, dimethoate, terbufos and terbufos sulfone 9/21/2018 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Strontium Primary target of strontium exposure is the bone. Infants, children and adolescents are of particular concern as a sensitive population. Criteria #1, must have an adverse effect on the health of persons. 9/21/2018 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Occurrence National Inorganics and Radionuclides Survey 99% with detectable concentrations 7% > 1500 ug/L 14% > 750 ug/l National Ambient Water Quality of Public Supply Wells Study 100% had detects 12% > 1500 ug/l 25% > 750 ug/l Criteria #2 known to occur or there is a substantial likelihood of occurrence with a frequency and at levels at levels of public health concern. Collected water samples form untreated groundwater public supply wells in 41 states. 9/21/2018 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Meaningful Opportunity for Health Risk Reduction Based on exposed population Potential impacts on sensitive populations and Estimated exposure from other sources. EPA has determined that there is a meaningful opportunity to regulate strontium in drinking water to reduce the public’s overall exposure after evaluating the available exposure data from media other than water . Although strontium is known to occur in food, air, and soil, data on levels in these media are limited therefore EPA used the defalult 20% RSC to calculate the HRL 9/21/2018 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Next Steps Additional monitoring results from UCMR3 will assist EPA in making the final regulatory determination More extensive field testing of treatment technologies to assess the effectiveness of Strontium removal in PWS prior to promulgating a NPDWR 9/21/2018 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule UCMR3 9/21/2018 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

UCMR 3 Final rule – April 16, 2012 28 chemicals and 2 viruses Monitoring cycle - 2013-2015 Sampling started in 2013 (January 2013)--- for all systems >10,000 and a representative sample of ~800 systems <10,000 of which EPA will assist with. As proposed, UCMR 3 would require monitoring for 30 contaminants using EPA and/or consensus organization analytical methods during 2013-2015. Together EPA, States, laboratories and public water systems (PWSs) would participate in UCMR 3.

UCMR3 7 Hormones 9 VOCs 1 SOC 4 Metals Oxyhalide Anion 6 Perfluorinated chemicals Assessment monitoring – List 1 21 contaminants Screening Survey List 2 – all PWS serving more than 100,00 a representative sample of 320 Large PWS serving 10,001 to 100,000 people and a representative sample of 480 PWSs serving 10,000 or fewer will monitor for 7 chemicals during a 12 month period from 2012-2015 Pre Screen List 3 A representative sample of 800 small un-disinfected ground water PWSs serving 1,000 or fewer will participate in monitoring for two viruses (i.e. enteroviruses and norovirus) and related pathogen indicators. The virus monitoring will take place in sensitive hydrogeological areas (e.g. karst or fractured bedrock

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency UCMR 3 Changes Established that selected transient systems are subject to UCMR monitoring requirements. Required that a selected group of 800 PWSs serving 1,000 or fewer individuals monitor for enterovirus and norovirus. 9/21/2018 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Legionella 9/21/2018 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Legionella Water is the major natural environment for legionella, and the bacteria are found worldwide in many different natural and artificial environments. .gram negative, rod shaped bacteria, at least 50 species the most common being L. pneumophiia. People get Legionnaires' disease when they breathe in a mist or vapor (small droplets of water in the air) containing the bacteria. One example might be from breathing in droplets sprayed from a hot tub that has not been properly cleaned and disinfected Between 8,000 to 18,000 people are hospitalized with Legionnaire’s disease each year in the U.S. 9/21/2018 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency The bacterium got its name after a 1976 outbreak, when many people who went to a Philadelphia convention of the American Legion suffered from this disease, a type of pneumonia (lung infection). Although this type of bacterium was around before 1976, more illness from Legionnaires' disease is being detected now 9/21/2018 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Legionella Guidance Document Jan 2014 – EPA formed a Multi-Agency Task Force to assist with development of the document - EPA, CDC, States (NV, PA, MN, WA, NY, OH, MD) 9/21/2018 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Purpose Characterize the current body of knowledge regarding the use and effectiveness of available technologies for the treatment and control of Legionella Provide an overview of the regulatory implications related to the technologies. 9/21/2018 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Audience States and primacy agencies, Affected facilities and System operators in their decision making regarding measures to control for Legionella in building water systems 9/21/2018 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Scope Ecology, physiology, occurrence and other topics relevant to the bacterial contaminant Discuss the difference of premise plumbing and a public water system Provide information on the current knowledge of drinking water treatment technologies available for the prevention and remediation 9/21/2018 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Scope Characterization of the effectiveness of different treatment technologies and approaches against Legionella, associated water quality issues, recommended operational conditions and regulatory implications. Anticipated Release – Spring 2015 9/21/2018 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Websites www.epa/safewater www.regulations.gov http://water.epa.gov/lawsregs/rulesregs/sdwa/ucmr/ucmr3/upload/UCMR3_FactSheet_List1.pdf 9/21/2018 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Merry Christmas One and All !!! 9/21/2018 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency