6-2 The Arab Empire and Its Successors

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Presentation transcript:

6-2 The Arab Empire and Its Successors

Creation of an Arab Empire Caliph: successor to Muhammad Muhammad had no sons, problem choosing successor They first named Abu Bakr (his father-in-law) Expand religion and territory Conquered Italy, Syria, Egypt, North Africa, Persia After Abu Bakr dies, again they have a problem choosing caliph (the next 2 are assissinated) Ali, Muhammad’s son-in-law, becomes caliph, and he is killed after 5 years. Islam was tolerant of Christianity and Judaism at first

The Umayyad Dynasty Capital in Syria More conquering Add Spain, but then are stopped from gaining France (Gaul) at the battle of Tours. Before stopping, they had conquered part of the old Roman Empire

A split in Islam Internal problems, some are hostile to the caliph (non-Arabs felt like outsiders) A revolt starts, led by Hussein (Ali’s son), but he is killed Islam splits: followers of Hussein are Shia and everyone else is Sunni (majority) The split has caused problems b/w the groups

The Abbasid Dynasty Capital moved to Baghdad, Iraq Arabs prospering Eventually corruption divides empire

The Seljuk Turks Become Muslim 2nd half of 11th century, go after Byzantine Empire (East Rome) Byzantine asks the Pope for help Starts a series of crusades (wars between Christians and Muslims)

Movie Notes on Crusades