Wuhu Feng, John Plane, Martyn Chipperfield, Dan Marsh,

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Presentation transcript:

Studies of meteoric smoke particles in the middle and upper atmosphere using WACCM Wuhu Feng, John Plane, Martyn Chipperfield, Dan Marsh, Diego Janches, Charles Bardeen, Sandy James Meteoric ablation Strategy for a global model of MSP Mesospheric metal layers MSP formation and preliminary results

Meteoric ablation Large uncertainty in IDP (2-300 tonnes/day) Source of metal layer Re-condense into MSP Mass=5µg, SZA=35o, V=21 km/s Chemical ablation model (CABMOD) profiles Different metals are released at different altitudes

Metal Chemistry Modules (Fe, Si, Na, Mg, Ca, K), ~130 reactions WACCM/CARMA IDP Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Detailed dynamics/physics/chemistry from troposphere to lower thermosphere (0-140 km) Options to use different meteorological analyses (GEOS5, MERRA, ECMWF). Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmosphere Detailed microphysics (sedimentation, coagulation, nucleation, growth and evaporation, Brownian diffusion, dry/wet deposition, optical properties etc.) Assume smoke material density of 2g/cm-3, 28 bins (0.2-102 nm) Metal chemistry for neutral and ions Ablation MIF Metal Chemistry Modules (Fe, Si, Na, Mg, Ca, K), ~130 reactions WACCM (metals) CARMA (MSP) Lidar, rocket and satellite Deposition

Seasonal variation of Na and Fe layers Na MIF: 4.6 tonnes/day Fe MIF: 2.2 tonnes/day Marsh et al. (JGR, 2013) Feng et al. (JGR, 2013)

Fe, Si, Na, Mg neutral/ion/reservoir species 4 dominant reservoir species used to form MSP (18 extra reactions) Meteoric elements in MSP ratios Fe : Mg : Na : Si 7 : 2 : 2 : 3

Meteoric smoke formation pathways Exothermic polymerisation reactions H = -157 kJ mol-1 NaHCO3 + Fe(OH)2  Mg(OH)2 + Mg(OH) 2  H = -268 kJ mol-1 2. Condensation reactions with Si(OH)4 produce silicates Mg(OH)2 + Si(OH)4  + H2O H = -61 kJ mol-1 FeOH+ Si(OH)4  + H2O H = -21 kJ mol-1

Meteoric smoke particle concentration 115 The smoke material explicitly formed by metal chemistry enters the model in the smallest size bin (0.2 nm) Seasonal variation in MSP concentration. Largest MSP concentration (10,000 cm-3) matches rocket data. 95 80 hPa 60 40 20 15 5.5

MSP size distribution and transport Strong MSP descent into the stratosphere occurs inside the polar vortex Different MSP size distribution at different altitudes

MSP extinction The SOFIE spectrometer on the AIM satellite is able to measure extremely small optical extinctions in solar occultation We assume MSP in different types (Fe2O3, (FexMg1-x)2SiO4, FeSiO3) Extinction cannot be modelled using the WACCM smoke distribution in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere, based on a meteoric input of ~2 t d-1 1.037 m

Summary and conclusions First self-consistent global model of meteoric smoke. MIF varied to match lidar/satellite measurements: Fe (2.2 t/day), Na (4.6 t/day), Mg(0.4 t/day) Good simulation of mesospheric metal layers. The meteoric input required to model the metal layers is MUCH too small to model the observed smoke extinction. Resolving this will be a big challenge.