Introduction to AutoCAD 2012 Chapter 5 - Drawing Tools and Drafting Settings by Paul Richard and Jim Fitzgerald Richard / Fitzgerald :INTRODUCTION TO AutoCAD 2012 Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved

Chapter 5 Objectives Use the Grid display and Snap mode drawing aids to locate points quickly and precisely Draw orthogonally using the Ortho mode drawing aid Draw at angles using the Polar Tracking drawing aid Use basic Object Snaps to locate points precisely relative to existing objects Defer Object Snaps to locate complex points Use advanced Object Snaps to locate points using acquired points and alignment paths Locate points relative to multiple objects by using the Object Snap Tracking feature to display multiple intersecting alignment path tracking vectors Control Dynamic Input settings Use Construction Lines to increase productivity and precision when creating multiple view drawings

Drafting Settings dialog box Typing DSETTINGS Drawing aid buttons (Settings) NOTE Any of the drawing tool buttons discussed in this chapter can be removed from the status bar via the Status Bar menu. To display the Status Bar menu, click on the down arrow at the far right of the status bar.

Grid Display Setting the Grid Spacing Grid X spacing Grid Y spacing “Grid too dense to display”

Snap Mode Setting the Snap Spacing specific X and Y increments Snap and Grid tab Setting the Snap Type and Style Rectangular snap Isometric snap TIP When Snap Mode is on, your cursor will not snap to grid points when selecting objects—only when specifying points. Snap Mode is temporarily turned off during the selection process so that it is easier to select objects.

Ortho Mode ORTHO mode turned off ORTHO mode turned on Creating a Drawing Using Ortho Mode

Polar Tracking AutoTracking™ Polar Tracking alignment path Increment angle Absolute option Relative to last segment

Polar Tracking Continued… The polar tracking settings are controlled on the Polar Tracking tab of the Drafting Settings dialog box.

Snap Mode Setting the Snap Spacing specific X and Y increments Snap and Grid tab Setting the Snap Type and Style Rectangular snap Isometric snap TIP When Snap Mode is on, your cursor will not snap to grid points when selecting objects—only when specifying points. Snap Mode is temporarily turned off during the selection process so that it is easier to select objects.

Basic Object Snaps Endpoint Midpoint Intersection Apparent Intersection Center Quadrant Tangent Deferred Tangent Perpendicular Deferred Perpendicular Insert Nearest None

Advanced Object Snap Modes Acquired point From Mid Between 2 Points Extension Parallel

OBJECT SNAP TRACKING Object Snap Tracking relies on the AutoTracking feature to display alignment paths at orthogonal or polar angle settings using points you select in your drawing using Object Snaps Object Snap Tracking Settings

Dynamic Input The Dynamic Input interface consists of three different components: Pointer Input Dimension Input Dynamic Prompts

Dynamic Input Continued... Pointer Input Dimension Input Dynamic Prompts NOTE If you enter an invalid value in any dimension input field, the value highlights automatically so you can enter a new value.

Dynamic Prompts When Dynamic Prompts is on, command prompts and options are displayed in a tooltip near the cursor. You can type a response in the dynamic prompt input field instead of on the command line. Using dynamic prompts Dynamic Prompts also allows you to select command options near the cursor using the arrow keys on your keyboard. If a command has options, a down arrow is displayed in the dynamic prompt tooltip. Pressing the down arrow key displays the command options in a shortcut menu near the cursor. Selecting dynamic prompt options

Dynamic Input Settings The dynamic input settings are managed on the Dynamic Input tab of the Drafting Settings dialog box You can turn Pointer Input on and off via the Enable Pointer Input check box. The Settings... button displays the Pointer Input Settings dialog box

Using Construction Lines Common uses of construction lines are: Creating multiple views Temporary locating geometric features Creating Architectural elevations Bisecting an angle

Using Construction Lines continued… Offsetting an object with a construction line

Using Construction Lines continued… Drawing angular construction lines

Using Construction Lines continued… Creating the final drawing using construction lines

The XLINE Command Using two pick points Horizontally Vertically Offset from an existing line Specified angle Bisected angle NOTE The Zoom Extents tool is unaffected by Xline objects. Any Xlines that exist in a drawing are ignored when zooming to the drawing extents.

The RAY Command Start point Through point Drawing a ray NOTE Similar to Xlines, the Zoom Extents tool is unaffected by ray objects. Any rays that exist in a drawing are ignored when zooming to the drawing extents. Drawing a ray

Introduction to AutoCAD 2012 Chapter 6 – Managing Object Properties by Paul Richard and Jim Fitzgerald Richard / Fitzgerald :INTRODUCTION TO AutoCAD 2012 Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved

Chapter 6 Objectives Managing Object Properties • Create layers • Set layer properties • Load linetypes • Modify the properties of drawing objects • Use DesignCenter and Content Explorer to import layers from other drawings • Create layer filters and groups • Manage layer states • Control object visibility

Common Object Properties Layer: A layer is a collection of color, linetype, and lineweight properties that can be used to organize the objects in your drawing. Color Linetype Lineweight

Layers The LAYER Command Layer Properties Manager

Layer Settings Current Layer Layer Names On/Off Freeze/Thaw Lock/Unlock Color Linetype Lineweight Plot/ Non-Plot TIP You can collapse the Layer Filter list by clicking on the double arrows on the top and bottom on the right side of the Filters pane.

Layer Names Layer Names. The layer name is the primary means of identifying a layer. Layer names can have up to 255 characters and can include letters and numbers as well as other special characters, including spaces. Layer names should convey the contents of that layer. Layer names can be based on part numbers, project names, design discipline (civil, architectural, etc.), or any other agreed-upon standard. The American Institute of Architects (AIA) has published the CAD Layer Guidelines for the building industry that has been adopted by the National CAD Standards organization (http://nationalcadstandard.org). This layering standard describes a method of organizing layers based on NOTE AutoCAD layer names can contain all but the following characters: <>/\“”:;?*|,=’

Layer Color Color. The color property is the default display color for objects on a layer. The AutoCAD Color Index (ACI). The Index Color tab shows the AutoCAD Color Index (ACI), which is the primary way colors are assigned in AutoCAD. The ACI consists of 255 colors (numbered 1–255). Colors 1–9 are called the standard colors.

The AutoCAD Color Index (ACI) Colors 1-9 (standard colors) True Colors (Red, Green, Blue) HSL (Hue, Saturation, Luminance)

The Color Books The Color Books tab allows you to select colors based on various color matching standards, such as Pantone, DIC, or RAL

Linetypes Linetypes. Linetype refers to the pattern (continuous, dashed, dotted,etc.) of a line. Linetypes are generally a series of lines, spaces, dots, and symbols (circles, squares, text, etc.) at preset intervals. Linetypes are used to designate a particular type of object (fence line, railroad tracks, hot water line, etc.) or a feature of an object (the hidden edge of an object, centerline of a circle or arc, etc.). To assign a linetype to a layer, choose the Linetype setting for the layer you want to change. The Select Linetype dialog box will appear

Linetypes The Select Linetype dialog box Standard Linetypes Load or Reload Linetypes

The LINETYPE Command ByLayer ByBlock Linetype Manager

Linetype Scale The LTSCALE command allows you to set a global scaling factor for all linetypes

Lineweights ANSI standards (American National Standards Institute) The Lineweight dialog box NOTE Before the lineweight setting was introduced in AutoCAD, pen tables were used to map AutoCAD colors to plotted lineweights. For example, all red objects are plotted with a .35 mm pen, yellow objects with a .15 mm pen, etc. AutoCAD still supports pen tables and gives you a number of options for creating and managing them. Current Layer

The LINEWEIGHT Command Lineweight Control drop-down Lineweight Settings dialog box Adjust Display Scale

Plot / Noplot and New VP Freeze Plot / Noplot settings New VP Freeze Overrides: • VP Color Control the layer color per viewport • VP Linetype Control the layer linetype per viewport • VP Lineweight Control the layer lineweight per viewport • VP Plot Status Control if layer plots or not

Deleting a Layer To delete a layer from your drawing, select the layer(s) from the layer list and choose the Delete Layer button (or choose <Alt>+D). A layer can be deleted only if it is not used in the drawing or if it is not the current layer. If the layer is not used and is not the current layer, AutoCAD will delete the layer. You can use Undo in the Quick Access toolbar to bring back a deleted layer. If the layer is used in the drawing, or if it is the current layer, AutoCAD will display an error message.

Using Layers Make Object’s Layer Current button Layer Previous button The Match button

layer on which the object resides. By default, when an object is created in a drawing, it takes on the color, linetype, lineweight, and transparency settings of the current layer. When this happens, its properties are defined as Bylayer. This means that the color, linetype, lineweight, and transparency of an object are defined by the layer on which the object resides. It is possible to override these soft-coded properties and define the color, linetype, lineweight, and transparency directly. These are called hard-coded properties because the properties are assigned directly to the object, regardless of which layer it resides on. TIP The SETBYLAYER command allows you to quickly update the color, linetype, lineweight, and transparency of objects to the ByLayer property.

The current settings for the color, linetype, lineweight, and transparency properties are shown in the Properties panel.

Just like the other object property overrides discussed thus far, it is best to use the ByLayer option to control transparency for maximum control of your drawing. Although you can assign transparency directly to objects, it is not advised. In fact, the default setting is ByLayer on the Transparency options menu located on the Properties panel of the Home tab of the ribbon.

Changing the Properties of Objects You can turn on the Quick Properties feature on the status bar so that a mini Properties palette is displayed whenever you select an object. TIP Double-clicking on most objects will automatically display the Properties palette.

Copying Properties The MATCHPROP Command The PAINTER

Using Design Center to Import Layers The ADCENTER Command The Design Center palette

Layer Tools The popular Express Layer Tools commands and utilities have been integrated into AutoCAD so that you can now access them via the Layers panel and the Layer tools cascade menu found on the Format pull-down menu. There are a number of useful miscellaneous layer tools available on the expanded Layers panel, the Layer Tools cascade menu found on the Format menu or via the Layers II toolbar.

It is possible to control object visibility independent of layer visibility via the Object Visibility tools located in the status tray on the far right of the status bar. NOTE • You can also use the ISOLATEOBJECTS and HIDEOBJECTS commands to control object visibility. • The light bulb icon in the status tray on the status bar appears dimmed when either the Isolate Objects or Hide Objects tool is in use. TIP The OBJECTISOLATIONMODE system variable controls whether isolated/hidden objects persist between drawing sessions. Setting OBJECTISOLATIONMODE to 0 will not save the isolated/hidden status of objects between drawing sessions. Setting OBJECTISOLATIONMODE to 1 will save any active isolated/hidden status so that it persists between drawing sessions. The default setting is 0.