Topic 1: Hydro-meteorological hazards

Topic 1&2: Knowledge organiser

Formation of a tornado Case Studies Topic 1: Hydro-meteorological hazards Formation of a tornado A large thunderstorm occurs in a cumulonimbus cloud A change in wind direction and wind speed at high altitudes causes the air to swirl horizontally The funnel grows longer and stretches toward the ground The funnel of swirling air begins to suck up more warm air from the ground Rising air from the ground pushes up on the swirling air and tips it over When the funnel touches the ground it becomes a tornado cumulonimbus clouds funnel debris Case Studies Joplin, Missouri hit by EF-5 Tornado on May 22, 2011 GENERAL INFORMATION EF-5 Tornado initially ½ mile, expanding to ¾ mile wide, traveled on ground approximately 13 miles Tornado touched down at edge of western city limits, traveled on the ground 6 miles throughout all of City to eastern city limits and continuing into the City of Duquesne and rural Jasper and Newton Counties Tornado winds estimated at 200 mph + ; NWS indicates it moved as slowly at 10 mph in some places Storm affected homes and businesses in both Jasper and Newton Counties in Missouri 161 lives lost due to tornado >$200 billion in damages and repairs so far The Birmingham tornado 28th July, 2005 The tornado struck at 2.30pm in the Sparkbrook area of the city, also affecting King's Heath, Moseley and Balsall Heath as it carved a kilometre-long path through the city. Its main effects were felt in Ladypool Road. Ladypool Primary School was extensively damaged and lost its tower. The two churches suffered some damage and one was demolished. There were wind speeds between 93 and 130 mph F2 on the Fujita scale. There were no fatalities, although 19 were injured. The tornado uprooted an estimated 1000 trees, removed the roofs of buildings, picked up and deposited cars and caused other damage during its short existence. £40 million in damage.

Topic 1: Hydro-meteorological hazards Tropical storms: hurricanes, cyclones, typhoons. Formation: 74mph wind Water 60m deep 26.5°c Measured: Saffir-Simpson scale: measurements in pressure wind speeds, storm surge and damage potential to put hurricanes into 5 categories Eye: Middle Calm conditions Eye Wall: Outside rain, wind. Effects: Strong winds Damage buildings, bridges, power lines, crops and trees. Heavy rain fall Industries such as shipping, transport and tourism mean that millions of people along the coastline are affected. Storm surges (A storm surge is a rapid rise in sea level caused by low pressure.) These can cause the most damage, as water levels can reach 5 metres higher than normal Typhoon Haiyan, Philippines 2013 Causes Sea temperature 26.5°C Ocean 60m deep Wind speeds more than 74mph Effects $2.86 billion damage. 6300 people dead and large numbers missing. $85million farm damage. 77% if farmers & 74% fisherman lost source of income. Heavy rainfall =flash flooding 130,000 houses destroyed. Responses Short-term responses and results: The Philippines government started issuing warnings that the Haiyan was on its way on 6th November- but no where for them to evacuate to. UN appealed for £190 million for emergency aid. Looting and crime. Long-term responses and results: April 2014 services had been restored to 560 school s & 30 hospitals. Cash- for work schemes cleaning debris and managing

Topic 2: Tectonic hazards Why do tectonic plates move? Magma is heated by the outer and inner core causing it to rise up. The magma spreads out causing the tectonic plate to move. The magma is then cooled and sinks. The process of a convection current repeats itself again. Haiti earthquake 2010   Causes Earthquake happened in 2010 with a magnitude of 7.0 on the Richter scale Conservative plate boundary where the Caribbean and North American plates moved past each other. Epicentre was 25km from the capital city, Port-Au-Prince. Effects 230,000 deaths 1.5 million homeless £10 billion worth of damage Damaged water supplies caused cholera to spread. Millions of people in the capital Port-Au-Prince were without food and water Homeless lived on the streets for months after Responses USA sent 10,000 troops UK sent 230 rescue teams. Oxfam and other charities distributed food and basic supplies. ‘Cash for work schemes set up’ where local people were paid to move the rubble. TEA : Distribution of volcanoes: clusters/chains of volcanoes near island chains occur on convergent plate boundaries (1) caused by oceanic crust being subducted under continental crust (1) some of the mid-ocean volcanic activity may be due to hotspots (1) which are caused by mantle plumes where the oceanic crust is very thin (1). Knowledge organiser- to print

Name: Knowledge organiser low Label on the map below Japan Task: Label the on the map below the oceans of the world Label on the map below Philippines Label on the map below Japan Name: Knowledge organiser Label the eye and eye wall Names given to tropical storms? Conditions needed for a tropical storm to form? 1) 2) 3) Explain two problems faced by people after a hurricane Develop your ideas (4marks). One problem is…_ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________another problem is.. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Describe the distribution of tropical storms (3marks) Trend;________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Evidence: (what can you see from the map to support this trend?) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Anomolie (is there anything which doesn’t fit the trend?) _______________________________________________________________ low

low Typhoon Haiyan Philippines 2013 Causes: Effects: ( (what happened after the earthquake? Responses: (How did people help?) low

Name: Knowledge organiser high Label on the map below Japan Task: Label on the map below the continents of the world Label the on the map below the oceans of the world Label on the map below Philippines Label on the map below Japan Name: Knowledge organiser Label the eye and eye wall Names given to tropical storms? Conditions needed for a tropical storm to form? Explain two problems faced by people after a hurricane Develop your ideas (4marks). __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Describe the distribution of tropical storms (3marks) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ high

high Typhoon Haiyan Philippines 2013 Causes: Effects: (can you divide into social/ economic/ environmental) Primary Secondary: Responses: (short term/long term) high

Topic 2: Tectonic hazards

Name: Knowledge organiser low Define the following key terms: Type of plate boundary Type of crust Tectonic hazard Direction the plates move in Convergent Conservative Name: Knowledge organiser Define the following key terms: Friction Magma Seismic waves Focus Epicentre Convection currents Why do tectonic plates move? Explain how movements of plates can cause an earthquake at a conservative plate boundary(4marks). __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Explain two problems faced by people after an earthquake. Develop your ideas (4marks). low

Haiti Earthquake 2010 Causes: Effects: Responses: low

Distribution of tectonic hazards? Type of plate boundary Type of crust Tectonic hazard Direction the plates move in Divergent Convergent Conservative Name: Knowledge organiser Why do tectonic plates move? Explain how movements of plates can cause an earthquake at a conservative plate boundary(4marks). __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Explain two problems faced by people after an earthquake. Develop your ideas (4marks). Distribution of tectonic hazards? high

high Haiti Earthquake 2010 Causes: Effects: (can you divide into social/ economic/ environmental) Primary Secondary: Responses: (short term/long term) high