TOPIC 1:TECTONIC PROCESSES AND HAZARDS (Lesson 21)

How successful is the management of tectonic hazards and disasters? ENQUIRY QUESTION 3: How successful is the management of tectonic hazards and disasters?

Last lesson’s objectives: To understand that different types of hazards and disasters exist To analyse disaster trends using graphs since 1960 To realise that disaster trend data may be inaccurate and unreliable To recognise that tectonic ‘ mega disasters’ can have regional or even global significance in terms of economic and human impacts

Specification content: 1.7 Understanding the complex trends and patterns for tectonic disasters helps explain differential impacts c) The concept of a multiple- hazard zone and how linked hydro-meteorological hazards sometimes contribute to a tectonic disaster ( The Philippines)

RECAP STARTER: HAZARDS SOUNDS QUIZ!

Today’s lesson objectives To understand what a hazard hotspot /multiple hazard zone is To analyse the global distribution of multiple hazards on maps To look at the Philippines as an example To compare the Philippines with California , USA

WHITEBOARD PAIRED THINKING? What do you think is meant by the phrase ‘MULTIPLE HAZARD ZONE or DISASTER HOT SPOT? Can you think of any areas in the world where this might be the case? Why do you think these areas experience multiple hazards? 5mins…

MULTIPLE HAZARD ZONES MULTIPLE HAZARD ZONE/ DISASTER HOTSPOT: A country or area that is extremely disaster prone for a number of reasons. This makes the area very vulnerable and therefore a risky place to live. WHY DO WE NEED TO IDENTIFY MULTIPLE HAZARD ZONES? It is important to identify multiple hazard zones because it helps decision makers to understand a region’s hazards, to set priorities for action and to decide how to assign resources. Once identified , such a country may also get more support from international aid agencies as well as more resources to help with disaster planning and prevention.

GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF MULTIPLE HAZARDS MORTALITY RISK

TASK : Label the Characteristics of a hazard hot spot/multiple hazard zone (fig 3..5 Hodder P33)

MULTIPLE HAZARD ZONES/ DISASTER HOT SPOTS 1.Multiple hazard zones are places where a number of physical hazards combine to create an increased level of risk for the country and its population. This is often made worse if the country’s population is VULNERABLE (wealth/ GDP, population density etc) or SUFFERS REPEAT EVENTS, often on an annual basis, so that there is NEVER ANY TIME FOR AN EXTENDED PERIOD OF RECOVERY. 2.Hazards in multiple – hazard zones are part of a WIDER PICTURE OF COMPLEX GEOGRAPHY linked to vulnerability over both space and time. This often makes their IMPACT GREATER and MORE CHALLENGING to MANAGE. Fig 3.6 is a global summary of the multiple hazard pattern whilst table 3.4 shows the countries which are MOST EXPOSED to MULTIPLE HAZARDS.

3. There may also be variation in disaster risk WITHIN SMALLER GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS. Large urban areas ( especially cities with growing populations in developing nations) are often zones of MULTIPLE –HAZARD RISK. Many cities have huge areas of unplanned , poor quality housing where growing numbers of the urban poor live on the urban periphery in slums . These are often very dangerous sites located on cheap marginal land such as river beds or steep slopes . Such mega -cites ( such as Mumbai, India or Sao Paulo, Brazil)are often in hazard prone areas and with such high densities ( up to 25,000per km2)HAZARD MANAGEMENT BECOMES BOTH EXPENSIVE AND COMPLEX, MAKING MORE DISASTERS MORE INEVITABLE.

WHITEBOARD PAIRED THINKING WHY DO YOU THINK THAT THE PHILIPPINES IS A MULTIPLE HAZARD ZONE/ DISASTER HOT SPOT?

CASE STUDY- PHILIPPINES MULTIPLE HAZARD ZONE

Philippines- Country of Multiple Hazards… What does this map show?