Overview of 3 Historical Periods and 3 Branches of Judaism Unit 2 Judaism Overview of 3 Historical Periods and 3 Branches of Judaism

Biblical Period 1800 BC – 323 BC Positive or Neutral Negative Nomadic, settled Canaan, then Egypt, back to Canaan (Judea, Israel, Palestine) Abraham- Father of Faith Moses, sent by God to liberate/10C Kings- Solomon- Temple (VERY IMPORTANT TO IDENTITY) Prophets- Monotheism Sin of idolatry 12 tribes divided- inner fighting Conquered by many Babylonian Exile (1st major diaspora)

Rabbinic or Classical Period 323 BC or BCE to 625 AD or CE Negative Positive or Neutral Hellenization- some adopted Greek culture Brief victory/Maccabees took Temple 165 CE or AD Philo of Alexandria- integrates Greek philosophy Rabbi’s, synagogues, and Sacred Scriptures important (Time of Jesus and Christian persecution) Conquered Diaspora Prohibited by some rulers of practicing faith Temple taken over, then later destroyed in 70 CE Emperor Hadrian/ Shrine of Jupiter where Temple had been

Medieval Period 638 CE or AD – 1783 CE or AD TOO MUCH! Negative Positive or Neutral Islam rules-Jews second class, eventually destroy, burn comminute Persecution by most everyone! accused falsely of money lending abuses Pogroms- massacres and expulsions in England and then beyond Inquisition- convert of leave or be killed – Poverty- more Diaspora Success in science, math, metal crafts philosophy, trade Under Muslim Rule “protected people”- pay taxes- at first Commentaries on Torah and Talmud, (Sacred Texts) Moses Maimonides- harmony reason and faith

ORTHODOX Follow traditional Jewish laws Live in close tight knit communities, marry within Torah,from GOD- literally Synagogue place of worship Phylacteries – small box with verse from Torah Orthodox Jews Praying This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Conservative Conserve some of the tradition, while accepting modern culture Sees the Torah as authentic, and divine, but needs to be understood in modern context Wants to keep traditional observances, but also adapts to circumstances. Much closer to Orthodox than Reform No cheeseburger with bacon This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Reform Morality is the central concept- Focus on ethical teachings Laws have to make sense in light of modern culture Service more “modern”- with music Women Rabbi’s Most integrated into secular society Kosher optional/ less strict Tempel beth el Photo from : http://www.jmaw.org/beth-el- jewish-san-antonio /