Machiavelli’s The Prince According to Machiavelli, what should a prince be an expert at? If a prince has the skills from #1, what will it guarantee him? What does it mean to think “more of ease”? Explain this statement: “how one lives is so far distant from how one ought to live”. What does a prince need to know how to do and when to use it? Why can’t a person entirely possess all the characteristics of good? Explain your opinion on this question with reasons: “whether it is better to be loved than feared or feared than loved?” Does Machiavelli seem to have faith in human nature? Why or why not? What is Machiavelli’s position on #7? Why is love not a strong enough bond for loyalty according to Machiavelli? Explain the delicate balance described in the last sentence. Do you believe this 16th century document is still relevant in politics today? Why or why not?

Bellringer 9/12/16 What happened to serf’s wages as a result of the Black Death? How did kings benefit from the Black Death? PLEASE DO NOT MOVE THE TABLES FROM WHERE THEY REST. THEY ARE SUPPOSED TO BE IN THOSE LOCATIONS.

Video Monday Sad Cat Diary http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PKffm2uI4dk

Today’s Class (9/12/2016) Outcome: Agenda: Students will be able to define key ideas and figures from the Renaissance and Reformation. Students will be able to explain Machiavellian ideas. Agenda: Bellringer Renaissance Notes Read Machiavelli’s The Prince excerpt

The Renaissance 1350-1550 The

Main Ideas The Renaissance was a rebirth of learning that produced many great works of art and literature. Renaissance art and literature still influence modern thought and modern art.

Out of the Middle Ages Renaissance – Rebirth – of art and learning Began in Northern Italy 1350-1550 A.D. Italy’s Advantages Thriving cities, wealthy merchants, classical heritage Fewer workers due to the Bubonic plague. This led workers to move toward other interests such as art, thus causing them to move back into the city.

Key Terms Secular = not relating to religion City-State = the centers of political, economic, and social life Mercenaries = soldiers that sold their services to the highest bidder Dowry = a sum of money given by the wife’s family to the husband upon marriage

The Sistine Chapel

Science and Technology The Gutenberg Printing Press How did this invention shape religion?

Leonardo Da Vinci Leonardo Da Vinci was true representation of a Renaissance man. He was a well rounded man who was a skilled inventor, well read, a mathematician and an especially skilled artist. A Renaissance man enjoys the finer things in life and has an appreciation for the arts and literature.

Renaissance Person Think of a person(living or not) who you would consider a Renaissance person. Justify your answer. Discuss with your neighbor who you might consider to be a renaissance person and why,

Social Class in the Renaissance Nobles Landowners Dominated society 2-3 % of population Advisors to the King The Book of the Courtier - by Castiglione Clearly defined the ideals of the nobles Nobles are born not made, have character, talent, and grace. Military and physical exercises Educated and enriched by the arts Show achievements with grace

Social Class in the Renaissance cont’d Peasants and Townspeople 85-90 % of the population Patricians Wealthy traders, bankers and industrialists Dominates their communities Burghers Shopkeepers Provided the goods and services for their fellow townspeople Workers 30-40% of this population Pitiful wages Included the unemployed

Family and Marriage To maintain a families status, marriages were often arranged when the children were as young as two or three. The most important aspect was the dowry. Dowry = money given by the wife’s family to the husband A father’s authority over his children was absolute. He had to formally “free” them before a judge anywhere between their early teens to their late twenties.

City-states

Florence In 1434, Cosimo Medici took control of the city, from behind the scenes with his families wealth and influence. The Medici family lost their power to a preacher named Savonarola only to gain it ~60 years later.

What is Humanism? Humanism – an intellectual movement of the Renaissance that was based on the study of the classics. Goal was to create model citizens. Grammar, Poetry, Moral Philosophy, and History Now known as the humanities (think arts & humanities) Petrach – The father of Italian Renaissance humanism

Renaissance Art Medieval paintings had a focus on religion and looked flat. Artists sought to imitate nature in their works Human figure and form became the focus of attention. Ex. Michelangelo's David sculpture

Understanding Art Techniques Perspective – appearance of depth on a flat surface Fresco – Using water based paints on fresh wet plaster Michelangelo used this technique to complete the Sistine Chapel

The Protestant Reformation

Christian Humanism & Erasmus Christian Humanism, or Northern Renaissance Humanism, had the goal of reforming the Catholic Church Erasmus, best of all known Christian Humanist, called his view of religion “The Philosophy of Christ” The Praise of Folly (criticized society, especially monks) Set the stage for Martin Luther to reform

Indulgences and Salvation People wanted to know how to save their souls, priests were unable to answer their questions… Their answer… Buy your salvation and reduce time in Purgatory The purchase of Indulgences could grant a soul salvation (entrance into heaven) Indulgences were pieces of paper Like a certificate

Martin Luther German, Monk and professor Studied Bible to justify indulgences, found no support Grew tired of Catholic church October 31, 1517 95 theses

95 Theses and the Printing Press Thousands of copies of the 95 theses were copied and spread throughout Germany How did the Printing Press help or hurt Martin Luther?

Luther Excommunicated In Luther’s view, faith alone could bring you to salvation. Unable to accept this, the Church excommunicated him. Charles V hoped to change his mind and summoned him before the imperial diet. The Edict of Worms declared him an outlaw and ordered all his works be burned. Luther went into hiding until 1522.

Religious Choice Peace of Augsburg A formal acceptance of the division of Christianity in Germany. People were now allowed to choose between Catholicism and Lutheranism

Luther’s Actions 95 Theses Called for German Princes to establish a reformed German Church Protestantism

This means you can expect a test on next Tuesday…… Let’s Review…. This means you can expect a test on next Tuesday…… YAY!