Where did your dinner come from? Across the top of a sheet of paper, list the different types of foods you ate for dinner last night. Under each item, write the name of the plant, animal, or other organism that was the source of that food. Some foods have more than one source.

Ecosystems and Biomes

Ecosystems and Biomes Three energy roles? Producers Consumers Decomposers

Ecosystems and Biomes 4. What’s the difference? Herbivores eat only plants Carnivores eat only animals Omnivores eat both plants and animals Scavengers feed on the bodies of dead organisms

Ecosystems and Biomes Food chain? Movement of energy through an ecosystem Begins with producers Food chain is specific

Ecosystems and Biomes Food web: Movement of energy through an ecosystem Many overlapping food chains

Ecosystems and Biomes 8. Energy Pyramid? It shows how energy decreases at higher levels of a food web

Ecosystems and Biomes Eating the Sun? Producers (autotrophs) convert the sun’s energy You either eat the producers Or you eat the animals that eat the producers

Ecosystems and Biomes 19. Mountain climate change? At the base it is warm and dry At the top it is cold and windy

Ecosystems and Biomes 24. Desert climate conditions? Usually hot/dry during the day Cooler at night Receiving less than 25 cm of rain per year

25. Savannas vs. Prairies? Prairie: A grassland that receives more rain than a desert, but not enough to grow trees

25. Savannas vs. Prairies? Savanna: A grassland that receives more rain than prairies with scattered shrubs and small trees

Ecosystems and Biomes 26. Deciduous forests? Receives less rainfall than rain forests Temperatures vary by season Trees shed their leaves

Ecosystems and Biomes 28. Permafrost? Soil that is frozen all year long

29. Arctic Tundra vs. Alpine Tundra Arctic Tundra: The extremely cold, dry part of the arctic

29. Arctic Tundra vs. Alpine Tundra Alpine Tundra: The icy, windy tops of mountains

Ecosystems and Biomes 30. Freshwater ecosystem? Freshwater ecosystems include streams, rivers, ponds, and lakes Marine ecosystems are salt-water and part of the ocean

Ecosystems and Biomes 31. Estuary: Where fresh river water meets the ocean’s salt water

Ecosystems and Biomes 31. Intertidal Zone: On the shore, between the highest tide line and the lowest tide line See page 738

Ecosystems and Biomes How Humans affect ecosystems

The Carbon and Oxygen Cycles - Cycles of Matter The Carbon and Oxygen Cycles In ecosystems, the processes by which carbon and oxygen are recycled are linked. Producers, consumers, and decomposers play roles in recycling carbon and oxygen.

- Cycles of Matter The Water Cycle The processes of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation make up the water cycle.

- Cycles of Matter The Nitrogen Cycle In the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen moves from the air to the soil, into living things, and back into the air.

- Biogeography Limits to Dispersal The typical weather pattern in an area over a long period of time is the area’s climate.

Comparing and Contrasting - Biomes Comparing and Contrasting As you read, compare and contrast the different biomes by completing a table like the one below. Tropical Rain Forest Temperate Rain Forest Character-istic Deciduous Forest Boreal Forest Tundra Desert Grassland Cool winters, warm in summer Usually hot with great daily extremes Temps vary throughout the year Warm in summer, cold in winter Warm to cool in summer, cold in winter Tempera-ture Warm all year Cold all year Mostly dry with a wet season Abundant rain and snow Precipit-ation Rather wet all year Moderate rainfall Wet all year Dry all year Dry all year Typical organisms Gamble’s quail Orangutan Mosses Mule deer Grasses Red fox Lynx

- Aquatic Ecosystems Marine Ecosystems The ocean is home to a number of different ecosystems. Factors such as water temperature and the amount of sunlight determine what types of organisms can live in each zone.

Ecosystems and Biomes Forest fires? During fires, lots of CO2 are released into the air Fire leaves fewer trees to absorb the CO2 Too much CO2 warms the atmosphere

Ecosystems and Biomes How humans affect cycles. Burning fuel and clearing forested land raises CO2 Lowers oxygen levels in the air