The 5 Major World Religions SOL WH II 14: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the influence of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism in the contemporary world by Describing their beliefs, sacred writings, traditions, and customs Locating the geographic distribution of religions in the contemporary world

What to Know People Jesus Moses Abraham Muhammed Siddhartha Gautama, Buddha Asoka Allah Yaweh Places Mecca Medina Jerusalem Israel Palestine India Babylon Dome of the Rock Terms Monotheism Polytheism Karma Moksha Dharma Caste System Reincarnation Diaspora Apostle Concepts Four Noble Truths Eightfold Path Five Pillars Sunni Islam Shi’a Islam Texts/Writings 10 Commandments New Testament Torah Koran (Quran) Vedas Upanishads

Where are the Religions?

Judaism Early History ~1950 BC, Abraham’s Covenant Travel to Canaan then to Egypt Slavery in Egypt Moses & the Exodus Moses on Mt. Sinai The 10 Commandments (p. 32) The Torah Pentateuch Old Testament Abraham’s History Mishnah Writings of the Prophets Talmud Other Writings of the Jewish Tradition Abraham & Isaac Torah Moses & the 10 Commandments

Settlement and Diaspora Settlement in Palestine 1250 BC – 1050 BC Worship of Yahweh Ethical Monotheism: God’s Laws are our Laws Jerusalem: The Holy City 586 BC: Solomon’s Temple Destroyed Diaspora Deported to Babylon 2nd Temple destroyed in 70 AD Rabbi’s (Teachers) carry the faith throughout the world

Beliefs and Customs “I keep the lord always before me.” All of life is and act of worship Religious Customs Prayer 3 x a day Worship on the Sabbath day Saturday Whole Torah (Pentateuch) is read each year Diet Food must be Kosher Holy Days & Festivals Passover (spring) Shabouth (fall) Rosh Hashanah Yom Kippur, the day of Atonement Hannukkah (Winter) Purim (March)

Icon depicting the First Council of Nicaea Basic Christianity History 2000 yrs ago The Apostles Christ’s Death Council of Nicaea, 325 Texts The New Testament Beliefs The Holy Trinity Immaculate Conception The Afterlife Customs & Holidays Weekly Worship Holy Week Palm Sunday Maundy Thursday Good Friday Easter Christmas Christ on the Cross, Velazquez Icon depicting the First Council of Nicaea The Holy Trinity, Albrecht Duerer

Judaism Christianity Islam 1.      Book   1. Book 2.      Founder 2. Founder 3.      Belief 3. Belief 4.      Holy Places 4. Establishment of Doctrine/Beliefs 4. Holy Places 5.      Location 5. Location

Islam: The 5 Pillars Faith There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger Prayer (Salat) 5 x daily Charity (Zakat) All Things belong to God so we should donate to the Needy Fast During Ramadan, form sun up to sundown. Pilgrimage (Hajj) Once in a lifetime trip to Mecca and the Ka’ba

Hinduism and Buddhism Reading Read pages 252-260 On a sheet of paper, list the 5 major world religions and list the different SECTS & SYMBOLS for each religion

Hinduism Buddhism Number of gods   1. Location Goal 2. Goal Belief 3. Belief Class system 4. Founder Reincarnation based on 5. Path to Nirvana Location 6. Asoka

Hindu Gods: Many Forms of One God Hinduism 4000 – 2500 BCE Aryan Peoples Oral Tradition Vedas & Upanishads Aryan Caste System Brahmins: Priests Ksatriyas: Warriors & Rulers Vaisyas: Merchants, Farmers, Artisans Sudras: Manual Laborers Untouchables: Dirty Work Hindu Beliefs: Hamster Wheel Brahman Atman Reincarnation Karma Moksha Hindu Gods: Many Forms of One God Brahma: The Creator Shiva: The Destroyer Vishnu: The Preserver

Click on blank square to watch video.

Buddhism Siddartha Gautama, 560-490 BCE The Buddha: The Enlightened One Buddhist Beliefs No Real Gods or Deities Goal: Nirvana not Brahma Four Noble Truths Life is Suffering Suffering is caused by desire & resistance to change We can end suffering by ending desire We can end desire and suffering by following the eightfold path Eight Fold Path Right Understanding Right Thought Right Speech Right Action Right Livelihood Right Effort Right Mindfulness Right Concentration Asoka: 273-232 BC