Why are different places similar? Key Issue Three Johannesburg, South Africa Why are different places similar? Shanghai, China

ARITHMETIC DENSITY The total number of objects or people in an area. (If measuring people, would take # of people and divide by area) A large population does not necessarily mean a high arithmetic density. China is most populous (1.3 billion people, but 140/sq.km) vs. The Netherlands which has a small amount of people ( 16 million, but 400/sq.km) Low arithmetic density = a lot of land per person High arithmetic density = little land per person

PHYSIOLOGICAL DENSITY Number of people per unit area of arable land, (land suitable for agriculture). Higher density, more difficulty the country has feeding its people. Why is this an indicator of development? Low physiological density = a lot of farmland per person High physiological density = little farmland per person

AGRICULTURAL DENSITY Number of farmers per unit of arable farmland. Low number of farmers? What could this mean? High number of farmers? What could this mean? Low agricultural density = few farmers per farmland High agricultural density = many famers per farmland

Compare them! The densities get more specific as you go! Arithmetic density = ________ per _______ land. Physiological density = ________ per _______ land. Agricultural density = ________ per _______ land.

Pattern: The geometric arrangement of objects in spaces/regions. Patterns of MLB teams change as population changes/ spreads. In first picture they are in a concentrated pattern. In second picture they are in a dispersed pattern.

CONCENTRATION If features are close, they are clustered. If features are farther apart, they are dispersed.

Concentration is NOT the same as density Concentration is NOT the same as density. Two neighborhoods can have the same density, but in different concentrations. Picture A= 24 houses Picture B= 32 houses Picture C= 32 houses All pictures have the same amount of land. Picture A has a lower density than B (24 houses vs. 32), but they both have dispersed patterns. Picture C is the only one with a high concentration but has the same density as picture B because they both have 32 houses. A B C

Hearth= place where innovation or idea orginates. Diffusion Process by which connections are made between places/ regions. Hearth= place where innovation or idea orginates.

TYPES DIFFUSION STATION ACTIVITY!!!! YAAAAYYYY!!!!!

RELOCATION DIFFUSION Spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another.

EXPANSION DIFFUSION Spread of an idea or feature by a snowballing process. Can be: Hierarchical Diffusion: to spread by authority/power. Contagious Diffusion: rapid, widespread diffusion throughout a population without relocation… is contagious. Stimulus Diffusion: spark that starts something… spread of a principle even if actual characteristic fails to catch on.

Diffusion of culture and economy has not been equal… this is known as uneven development. Three core Hearth Regions United States Western Europe Japan Those less developed countries in the periphery. Ethiopia Pakistan Haiti IN CONTRAST TO