Energy: The Basics.

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Presentation transcript:

Energy: The Basics

Energy The ability to do work Types of Energy Mechanical (kinetic & potential) Heat/Thermal Radiant Chemical Nuclear Electrical

Thermodynamics 1st Law of Thermodynamics — 2nd Law of Thermodynamics — The lower the quality, the harder it is to convert it to work. conservation of energy energy goes from high quality to lower quality--heat. Entropy

“Saving” Energy Efficiency: getting more output from a given amount of input Ex: Conservation: Using less input. Cogeneration: The capture and reuse of waste heat. getting more mpg by tuning engine Turning off lights when leaving a room Garbage incineration produces heat, can be used for electrical production.

Measurements of Energy joule: energy to move 1 kg the distance of 1m calorie: energy needed to raise 1 g of H2O 1oC 1 cal =4.2 J watt: unit of power. Joule/second 1 kilowatt (kW) = 1000 watts Kilowatt-hour (kWh): unit of energy 1 kW used for 1 hour 1 btu (British Thermal Unit) = 1,055 joules Used to describe heat (energy) content of fuels

Ex: If a kWh if selling for $0 Ex: If a kWh if selling for $0.14 in NJ (2007 avg), how much does it cost to run a 60 watt lightbulb for 2 hours? If the average house in NJ used 730 kWh monthly, what would be the cost? The average household in TN used 1340 kWh, yet paid $105.00 monthly. What was the rate per kWh there?

http://www. eia. gov/electricity/monthly/update/end_use http://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/update/end_use.cfm#tabs_prices-3

http://www. eia. gov/electricity/monthly/epm_table_grapher. cfm http://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/epm_table_grapher.cfm?t=epmt_5_6_b

http://commons. wikimedia http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2011_US_electricity_generation_by_source.png

How is Electricity Generated https://www.jea.com/In_Our_Community/School_Programs/Teacher_Resources/Electricity.aspx http://www.nj.gov/emp/home/docs/pdf/061013e.pdf

U.S. Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2011 (Quadrillion Btu) http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/pecss_diagram.cfm

New Jersey’s Investor-Owner Utilities http://www.nj.gov/emp/home/docs/pdf/061013e.pdf

Electricity Production in NJ

Powerplants in NJ and Region