The first certified Passive House in Norway Michael Klinski, Lars K. Halleraker Husbanken Region Øst 12th International Conference On Passive Houses 2008

Increased engagement in Low energy and Passive houses in Norway Completed: Two-family house, Oslo 2005 Detached house and 7 terraced houses, Tromsø 2005/07 Detached house, Skien 2006

Under construction: 28 flats in multi-story blocks, Bergen and some other projects, but none are certified or designed according to the PHPP

Different definitions and standard values Low energy residential building: not more than 100 kWh/m²a total net energy demand Related to climatic conditions in Oslo Includes all dwelling electricity Indicates space heating demand about 30 kWh/m²a Domestic hot water: 30 kWh/m²a (standard) Lighting and technical equipment: 40 kWh/m²a Internal heat gains: 6.8 W/m² Passive house: under discussion

Energy in residential buildings in Norway Average dwelling unit: 214 kWh/m²a total end energy consumption (mostly hydroelectricity) National building code TEK 1997: 60 - 90 kWh/m²a space heating demand TEK from august 2009: 120 - 140 kWh/m²a total net energy demand, 40 - 60 kWh/m²a space heating demand indicated Low electricity prices > high consumption!

Mild coast and cold inland Oslo/ Sørumsand

The Passive house NorONE Owner: Harald Ringstad, electrical engineer Ambitions: Certification by PHI Self-sustained with energy over the year Conditions: Sørumsand, community east of Oslo Yearly mean ambient temperature 6.2 °C Winter design temperature – 20 °C Global horizontal solar radiation 970 kWh/m²a

Design and construction: Dipl.-Ing. Stephan Blohm, passivbau°, Kaltenkirchen (including calculations and call for tenders) Architect Toril Grønvold (advice for adaptation to site, built environment and universal design, no details) Advice: Building research institute SINTEF Byggforsk Elements: Holzbau Brüggemann, Neuenkirchen Other components: Norwegian and Swedish Grants and workshops: The Norwegian state housing bank Husbanken Outline by Toril Grønvold As built after adaptation by Harald Ringstad himself (balconies outstanding)

Large, compact detached house Total floor area 340 m², including 80 m² flat to let in the basement Form factor 0.65 Universal design, suitable for wheelchairs Main façade directly south-facing Windows 14.4 % of floor area Mostly south and west, only 2.4 m² north-facing Asymmetrical saddleback roof allows south-faced windows in the attic

Basement walls: expended clay elements with additional insulation

Other walls and roof: prefabricated wooden elements with cellulose insulation (wall 2 layers)

U-values [W/m²K] (Thermal bridges negative) Slab on ground: 0.08 External walls basement 0.13 External walls otherwise 0.10 Roof: 0.10 Windows 0.77 External doors 0.75 Wood fibreboards 35 mm Cellulose insulation 241 mm OSB 15 mm Cellulose insulation 140 mm Wall/window

Technical equipment Ventilation system with 80 % heat recovery, preheating via ground coupled heat exchanger Grey water heat exchanger Vacuum tube solar collectors Air-to-water heat pump Auxiliary electric heating Water based floor heating Wood-burning stove 37 m² PV-panel (?) Monitoring system Low energy lighting and A-labelled household appliances

PHPP-calculations and air leakage test Space heating demand 14 kWh/m²a Space heating load 9.7 W/m²a Total primary energy demand 85 kWh/m²a (based on German factor 2.7) Result blower door test: 0.39 h-1 Certification: some product documentation is still missing

Critical discussion Complex system SINTEF Byggforsk: Too many components to be cost-efficient Heat pump in addition to grey water heat exchanger and solar collectors costs more than it saves (remaining heat demand very low) Stove not needed, but nearly a must in Norway Nevertheless: the owner gets subsidies for these components…

The first weeks in the Passive house Some equipment and monitoring system delayed - 14 °C: no problem to warm up only by using the stove Floor heating + stove: too hot Noticeable solar gains Good air quality

Lack of subsidies for solar cells Husbanken promised 20 000 Euros, ca. 50 % Harald Ringstad didn't find additionally sponsors PV often used for cottages Good output, but no subsidies Today uncertain, if a PV-panel can be installed

Conclusions for Passive houses in Norway Passive houses in the Oslo region: design concept as in central Europe acceptable insulation thickness Restrictions for detached houses: Very compact Not too large windows Some more insulation

Solar input comparable with northern Germany, climatic conditions better than in Helsinki Solar radiation (kWh/m²a) on different façades. Reference: passivbau° Stephan Blohm

Crucial to develop PH-concepts concerning Most Norwegian people live in regions where Passive houses can be built Crucial to develop PH-concepts concerning smaller detached houses for “normal” owners without extra- ordinary ambitions or know how

Web-references www.norone.info www.passivbau.net www.husbanken.no www.sintef.no/byggforsk