Part 3 Applying Fundamental Concepts Chapter 5 Pre-K-K: Ordering, Measurement, and Data Collection and Analysis ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Ordering, Seriation and Patterning These concepts are the basis of algebra. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Ordering Involves comparing more than two things or more than two sets Placing things in a sequence from first to last ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Seriation Term used by Piaget that means ordering ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Patterning Related to ordering children need a basic understanding of ordering to do patterning Involves making or discovering auditory, visual, and motor regularities ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Ordering and Patterning Words Next Last Biggest Smallest Thinnest Fattest Shortest Tallest Before After ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Examples of Ordering and Patterning Activities Naturalistic ActivitiesA Children will naturally order items and place them in a pattern, if given the materials to do so Informal Activities Make comments to help the child see her own use of order words and activities Provide materials that help children practice ordering Select self-correcting materials Adult Guided Activitiest Materials for ordering and patterning can be purchased or made by the teacher Provide ordering and patterning problems to solve ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Assessment and Evaluation Does the child use ordering and patterning words during daily activities? Do patterns appear in the child’s art work? Ask questions, make comments or suggestions such as Which doll is taller? Which block is shorter? John is first in line. Line up from the shortest to the tallest. Conduct individual evaluation interviews ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Stages in which the Concepts of Measurement Develop Sensorimotor and preoperational Play stage Making comparisons Child learns to use arbitrary units Concrete operational Child begins to see a need for standard units Child begins to use and understand standard units ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Examples of Measurement Activities Naturalistic Activities Measurement is learned through everyday experiences Informal Activities Point out properties of materials the child might not find on her own Use measurement words Provide environmental opportunities for exploration and discovery Adult Guided Activitiest Choose these with care Make use of the child’s senses Relate to what is familiar to the child and what she already knows Pose problems that illustrate the need for measuring ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Assessment and Evaluation Does the child use the word measure in an adult manner? Does the child use measuring tools in her play as she sees adults use them? Can the child solve everyday problems by using informal measurement? ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Time Measurement Sequence Duration order of events how long an event takes ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Three Kinds of Time Personal experience—the child’s own past present and future Social activity—a sequence of predictable events, daily order and routine Culture—having to do with clocks and calendars, understood during concrete operational period ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Language of Time General words Specific words Relational words Specific duration words Special days ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Examples of Time Activities Naturalistic Activities Young children need predictable and regular routines They learn about time first through a sense of sequence and duration of events They begin to react to cues in the environ-ment and then learn time words Informal Activities Capitalize on the child’s effort to gain a sense of time and time sequence Use time words Listen to the child when he tries to use his own time ideas and expand on his words Model time-related behavior Adult Guided Activities Sequence patterns with beads, blocks, and other materials: what’s next? Sequence stories: what happens next? Count the days until the bean seed sprouts Use a minute timer to indicate when the activity will change or how much time remains ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Assessment and Evaluation Does the child use time language? Does the child remember the sequence of events at school and home? Can the child wait for one thing to finish before going on to the next? Is the child able to order things in sequence? Does the child talk about future and past events? How does the child use the calendar? How does the child use the clock? Can the child sequence stories in a logical order? ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Data and Graphing Used to show visually two or more comparisons in a clear manner Requires the use of basic skills classification counting comparing quantities one-to-one correspondence communicating through descriptive data ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

First Three Stages of Development for Making and Understanding Graphs Stage 1, real objects child uses real objects to make a graph Stage 2, pictures more than two items are compared a more permanent record is made Stage 3, square paper graphs child progresses through the use of more pictures to block charts using square paper real objects are no longer needed ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Discussion of a Graph Requires children to use concept words Some of these words include: less than more than fewer than longer, longest shorter, shortest the most the least the same as none all some a lot of higher taller ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Materials for Making Graphs During Stage 1 at first, use materials that can be kept in one position progress to using cube blocks, poker chips, bottle caps, coins, corks, and the like During Stage 2 use the same materials, but more comparisons can be made and gradually move to paper squares During Stage 3 use paper squares and gradually move to coloring in squares on graph ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Topics for Graphs There are a great variety of subjects to use for graphs Once they begin to use graphs, children will often think of problems to be graphed and will make their own selections. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Ordering and Patterning Build on the skills of comparing Use a science emphasis in shape, animals, color, and sound, to have children make or discover visual, auditory, and motor irregularities Example: Use the flannel board to create patterns using the sun, moon, and stars ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Measurement: Volume, Weight, Length, and Temperature A part of any scientific investigation Example: Use sand and water to allow children to discover ways in which they can fill large containers using small containers by providing various containers from which they can pour ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Communicating with Graphs Display information so that predictions, inferences, and conclusions can be made Require the use of basic process skills to collect data observing classifying comparing measuring ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.