AGENDA for 01/23/14 AGENDA: OBJECTIVES: HOMEWORK: Due Fri, 01-24 Intro to Unit 3: Sickle Cell Disease 3.1.1: Blood Detectives Microscope Lab Runts Activity Unit 2 Review OBJECTIVES: Explain the function of each of the major components of blood Perform a hemocrit Define anemia Compare normal vs. sickle-shaped red blood cells HOMEWORK: Due Fri, 01-24 Unit 2 Study Guide Due Mon, 01-27 3.1.1 Activity Packet 3.1.1 Career Journals Unit 2 Exam tomorrow, Fri, 01-24

3.1 Key Terms Anemia A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume. Blood Plasma The pale yellow fluid portion of whole blood that consists of water and its dissolved constituents including, sugars, lipids, metabolic waste products, amino acids, hormones, and vitamins. Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) Any of the hemoglobin-containing cells that carry oxygen to the tissues and are responsible for the red color of vertebrate blood. Hematocrit The percent of the volume of whole blood that is composed of red blood cells as determined by separation of red blood cells from the plasma usually by centrifugation. Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) Any of the blood cells that are colorless, lack hemoglobin, contain a nucleus, and include the lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Sickle Cell Disease Individuals who are homozygous for the gene controlling hemoglobin S. The disease is characterized by the destruction of red blood cells and by episodic blocking of blood vessels by the adherence of sickle cells to the vascular endothelium. Thrombocytes (Platelets) A minute colorless anucleate disklike body of mammalian blood that assists in blood clotting by adhering to other platelets and to damaged epithelium.

Essential Questions for 3.1.1 What is sickle cell disease? Why does the sickling of red blood cells cause health problems? What is sickle cell anemia? How is anemia diagnosed?

Notes: Blood Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson Blood – Did You Know… An average adult has approximately 4.7 L (5 quarts) of blood. Blood comprises about 8% of a person’s total body weight. Blood travels 60,000 mi (96,540 Km) per day in your body. 15 million blood cells die every day and have to be replaced. Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

What is the Composition of Blood? Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson What is the Composition of Blood? Blood is about 78% liquid and 22% solids Four Major Components of Blood Plasma Red Blood Cells (RBC) White Blood Cells (WBC) Platelets Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

Blood Plasma—The Liquid of Life Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson Blood Plasma—The Liquid of Life Composition: 90% water Ionic salts (electrolytes) Soluble proteins Functions: Helps maintain homeostatic balance Allows for the correct function of muscles and nerves Transports soluble substances Carries factors needed for blood clotting Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

Plasma Transports: Nutrients Electrolytes Hormones Antibodies Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson Plasma Transports: Nutrients Electrolytes Hormones Antibodies Clotting factors Metabolic wastes Dissolved Gases: oxygen and carbon dioxide Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

In your NB, define the following: Component: Function: Plasma   Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) Platelets (Thrombocytes)

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) Most abundant blood cell 5.2 billion RBC per mL of blood Mature cells lack a nucleus Average Lifespan: 120 Days Used with permission of Brian Garrigan http://health.howstuffworks.com/blood.htm Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

Red Blood Cell Facts Can be frozen for ten years Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson Red Blood Cell Facts Can be frozen for ten years Hemoglobin makes up 33% of cell mass Primary function is to transport oxygen Help remove carbon dioxide Produced in bone marrow Travel single file through capillaries Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) Types Monocyte Neutrophil Lymphocyte Basophil Eosinophil See Pictures of These Cells Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

White Blood Cell Facts Largest of the blood cells Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson White Blood Cell Facts Largest of the blood cells Normally 5000 to 10,000 WBC per mL blood Variable life span – from a few days to years Produced in bone marrow Part of the immune system Increase in number when infection or inflammation is present Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

White Blood Cells—Functions Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson White Blood Cells—Functions Monocytes and Neutrophils: Destroy bacteria and other foreign materials Signal other immune cells that foreign material is inside body Lymphocytes: Destroy abnormal cells Produce antibodies Moderate immune response Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

White Blood Cells—Functions Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson White Blood Cells—Functions Eosinophils Kill multicellular parasites (e.g. blood fluke) Basophils Can destroy foreign material Involved in inflammation response Involved in development of allergies Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

Platelets (Thrombocytes) Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson Platelets (Thrombocytes) Formed in bone marrow Not cells, are fragments of precursor cells Lifespan—10 Days Help blood clot by forming “platelet plugs.” Stimulate other clotting factors Approximately 250,000 per mL of blood Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

Normal-Shaped vs Sickle-Shaped Cells Normal-shaped cells have a round, flattened shape with a dimple in the middle (why?) Sickle-shaped cells have an elongated, crescent-shape

Activity Objectives – 3.1.1. Learn about the components and function of blood Examine blood using a microscope Perform a hemocrit Explain how sickle-cell anemia affects the body and causes health problems

3.1.1. Conclusion Question Due Mon, 01-27 You fall down and scrape your hand – describe what each component of blood would be doing at the injury site. Anna has a condition called sickle cell anemia, a blood disorder. Based on the differences you observed between the normal blood slide and Anna’s blood slide, what do you think is a defining feature of this disease? Explain your answer. How does the abnormal shape of a sickled red blood cell affect its movement through blood vessels? People with sickle cell anemia often experience episodes of severe pain in their joints, chest, and abdomen and swelling in their hands and feet. Using what you know about the function of blood, why do you think the abnormal shape of sickled red blood cells causes these symptoms? Anna’s autopsy shows that the nails on her fingers were a blue/gray color. How does Anna’s hematocrit level relate to these symptoms? How might sickle cell disease have been related to Anna’s death? Due Mon, 01-27

3.1.1 Activity Checklist 3.1.1. Blood Notes; Terms Definitions/Functions (NB) STAMP 3.1.1. Prepared Blood Slides Drawings (LB) 3.1.1. Runts Observation Activity (LB) STAMP 3.1.1. Hemocrit Lab (LB) 3.1.1. Conclusion Questions 2 3 2 4 3 Total = 14

3.1.1. Activity Directions

3.1.1. Blood Notes; Terms Definitions/Functions (NB) Take notes from the lecture (also available on website) Refer to curriculum file for more detailed instructions Take notes in your NB on what the medication hydroxyurea is and what it does (refer to step 3) Research sickle cell disease on the internet, and take notes in your (NB) (step 3) Use the internet to find information on the components of blood and, using the table (step 5) in the curriculum file, state the function of each List (at least 2) internet sources in your NB that you used (must be in APA format) Get a stamp

3.1.1. Prepared Blood Slides (LB) Refer to curriculum file for more detailed instructions Read directions for proper microscope use (refer to the How to Use a Microscope handout on the website or listen for the teacher’s instructions) You will use the 4x, 10x and 40x objectives, never the 100x objective for this activity. Refer to steps 7-14 You will be examining a prepared slide of normal blood and one of Anna’s blood You will include 6 drawings, all colored and labeled appropriately. Include: 3 drawings of normal: 4x, 10x, 40x 3 drawings of Anna’s: 4x, 10x, 40x Turn in the blue LB copy with your checklist

Simulated Blood Smear Used with permission of Ken Hoge Name of PowerPoint Name of Course Name of Lesson Simulated Blood Smear Used with permission of Ken Hoge http://texasheart.org/HIC/Anatmy/blood.cfm?&RenderForPrint=1 Project Lead The Way© Copyright 2005

3.1.1. Runts Observation Activity (LB) Refer to curriculum file for more detailed instructions Refer to steps 24-29 You will be using Runts candy to simulate the difference between blood flow between normal-shaped cells and sickle-shaped cells You will include: A summary of your observations. Be detailed in your description A drawing of your activity and observation. Be sure to label your drawings A conclusion of how sickle-shaped cell affect blood flow Get a stamp Turn in the blue LB copy with your checklist

3.1.1. Hemocrit Lab (LB) Refer to curriculum file for more detailed instructions Refer to Part III and steps 31-41 Read the paragraph in Part II about anemia In your NB, define all the italicized words in the paragraph You will obtain a “sample” of Anna’s blood. Pay careful attention to the instructor on proper microcentrifuge use. The microcentrifuge can be turned on only after an even number of tubes are evenly placed inside. In your LB, include: Total height of blood Height of red blood cells Calculated hemocrit Results of Anna’s hemocrit Possible Causes of Death update (in your LB) Turn in the blue LB copy with your checklist

3.1.1. Career Journals Refer to curriculum file for more detailed instructions. The career journals will be turned in separately and scored separately from this activity packet Refer to steps 39-41 You will research 1 career: Phlebotomist Due Mon, 01-27 Next slide has instructions for the correct formatting of your career journals

3.1.1. Career Journals Correct Title Education and Training High All CAPS Average Education and Training Documentation include all required degrees, field and major of study At least 2 Must use .edu, .gov, .org (.com only if approved by Mr. Hwang first) Specific types of certifications, licensing, or training Time/years of study Must be in correct APA format Bullet each of the above Self-Reflection Responsibilities and Duties Summary of the description of job Bullet each responsibility and duty starting with a verb (action word  leave out the subject) 1 advantage of job 1 disadvantage of job Reason you would like or dislike the job Must include at least 5 Salary Low