England’s Glorious Revolution World Studies October 20

I. The Tudor Monarchs Henry VIII dies in 1547 His only son, Edward becomes king He is 9 years old, dies 6 years later His oldest daughter Mary becomes queen Is Catholic, married to a Spaniard, crazy Dies in 1558, leaves the throne to Elizabeth, hopes she’ll keep England Catholic

II. Elizabeth I Is queen of England for 45 years Develops a huge modern navy Allowed piracy to get a piece of trade 1588 - Spanish Armada attacks, England wins Encourages exploration and development of colonies Never marries, despite Parliament’s pleas Literature flourished during the Golden Age - Shakespeare

III. James Stuart Elizabeth died in 1603 without an heir Closest relative was James VI, king of Scotland Son of Mary, Queen of Scots who had been dethroned by John Knox/the Presbyterians Becomes king of England in 1603, James I Leaves Scotland and moves to England He was happy to leave, but the English were suspicious of him

The Stuarts

James and Religion James and Money His mother had been Catholic, so English Catholics hoped he’d favor them When he didn’t Guy Fawkes led the failed Gunpowder Plot to blow up Parliament James and Money Spent tons and tons of money; believed it was his right Parliament tried to cut him off, so he sold titles to raise spending money

James’ Accomplishments Commissioned the King James’ version of the Bible Was very intelligent, furthered arts, sciences, and exploration Jamestown Colony is named after him Succession James had 8 children His second son, Charles, became king when he died

IV. Charles I Marries a French Catholic Problems with Parliament Gives many government positions to Catholics Most people aren’t happy about this Problems with Parliament Parliament won’t do anything for him Parliament can’t meet unless the king calls them – he refuses to for 11 years Creates new taxes to raise money

Problems with Religion Tries to force people to accept a new prayer book Protestants begin to revolt Charles calls Parliament for help to raise an army to stop the revolt They refused to unless he gave them more power He dissolves Parliament & tries to arrest some members

V. English Civil War (1642-1651) Cavaliers vs. Roundheads Cavaliers - the royalists who supported the king and monarchy Roundheads - supporters of Parliament Some were Puritans who wore their hair short New Model Army, led by Oliver Cromwell, was well organized

Cavaliers and Cromwell

Charles I is forced to surrender in 1648 The Rump Parliament (those left after the royalists were kicked out) voted 68-67 to execute the king

VI. Cromwell and the Commonwealth A Puritan who disliked Catholicism After Charles’ execution there were rumors that royalist Catholics in Ireland were killing Protestants Cromwell went up and wiped out villages, seized Catholic land, and forbid Catholicism England declares itself a republic Infighting begins again in Parliament Cromwell becomes Lord Protector (dictator)

VII. Restoration of the Monarchy Cromwell died peacefully of malaria Although he had discriminated against Catholics, he did improve other things for England His son takes over, but is kicked out a few months later

VIII. Charles II Second son of Charles I Had escaped to France after his father’s death Moved to Scotland, where he was still recognized as king Entered England with an army to fight Cromwell, but lost and had to retreat Invited back to England to be king after Cromwell’s death

Gave amnesty (pardon) to all the Roundheads Except those who voted for his father’s death Was given strict limitations on his spending

Problems Great Plague of 1665 20% of the population dies, mostly the poor London Fire of 1666 13,200 houses are burnt down Fire kills the rats and fleas; ending the plague Leads to brick/stone construction, fire depts., cleaner city

His wife could not have children; no heir Wanted his brother to inherit, but Parliament wouldn’t allow it since he was Catholic Since Parliament wouldn’t give him money he made a secret deal with France Louis XIV gave him an allowance, but made him promise to convert to Catholicism Does on his death bed

IX. James II Brother of Charles II, son of Charles I Is allowed to become king after all Decide he’s not a threat to Protestantism as he has no male heirs His wife dies and he marries a Catholic who soon gives birth to a boy Tries to force Catholicism, just as Bloody Mary did

X. William and Mary Mary, James II’s Protestant daughter, is married to Protestant William of Orange He’s older and he has a mistress; she’s homesick and subservient England invites them to take the throne from James They agree to come as co-rulers, but under Parliament’s conditions

XI. Glorious Revolution William and Mary enter in 1688 A bloodless revolution; James has no support Toleration Bill of 1689 Gives religious freedom to all Christians Pass a Bill of Rights Legally places the monarch under Parliament No more absolute power in Great Britain Mary dies in 1694, William in 1702 Her sister Anne becomes queen