UNECE Collection of Methodological Experience with Time-Use Surveys Andres Vikat Eurostat Working Group on Time-Use Surveys Luxembourg, 11 November 2014

Guidelines for Harmonizing Time-Use Surveys Help understand importance Guide implementation Improve comparability Key areas: Unpaid work and non-market production Well-being Gender equality

Follow-up Collection of methodological material www1.unece.org/stat/platform/display/countrytus Light surveys Use of novel methods Measurement of subjective well-being Guidelines for valuing unpaid household service work Task force established. 8 countries, 4 organizations

Light Diaries

Experience from 8 Countries Colombia 2013 Netherlands 2012 Japan 2011 Sweden 2011 Finland 2010 Mexico 2009 Australia 2006 United Kingdom 2005

Coverage National Exceptions Finland: Finnish-speaking population United Kingdom: England, Wales, Scotland Netherlands: light diary for partners only

Age 10+ Colombia, Japan, Netherlands (partners only) 12+ Mexico 15+ Australia 15-84 Sweden 16+ United Kingdom 25-64 Finland

Sample Size, Response Rate, Trial/ Final Survey Country Households Persons Response rate, % Trial/ final Netherlands 632 40 Trial Finland 1000 17 Sweden 52 Australia 1500 85 United Kingdom 4941 59 Final Mexico 17 000 Each in hh Colombia 43 500 148 500 99 Japan 180 000 96

Diary Days One Two Seven Australia (24 h), Colombia, Finland, United Kingdom Two Japan, Mexico, Sweden Seven Netherlands

Number of Activity Categories Country Activity categories Colombia 93 Mexico 76 Sweden 30 United Kingdom Japan 20 Australia 12 (+30) Netherlands 10

Finland Low response rate, 17% Most respondents could not stick to just one main activity Comparability with full survey good, except for domestic work and rest/ sleep, underestimated in the light diary Differences also in detailed categories Possible to isolate activities for Household Satellite Accounts

Sweden Response rate higher than in full survey (52% vs 42%) - lottery incentive Well comparable with full survey Underestimation of employment (16 min), travelling (14 min), care (8 min) Overestimation of free time by 35 min Constraints to 30 main activities may pose risks

Modern Technologies September 21, 2018

Experience from 2 Countries Netherlands 2013 Japan 2011

Survey Characteristics Japan Netherlands Technology Web-based reporting Smartphone app Coverage National Age 10+ 16+ Sample size 10 000 1088 Diary days 2 2 (week + weekend) Response rate: 94% 54% Reporting of activities In own words

Dutch Report Positive evaluation of technical feasibility: smartphones can be used Inexperienced users reported more episodes and updated their diary more often than the smartphone owners. Borrowed smartphone -> felt obliged to fill in accurately Smartphone owners responded to more of the questions in the Experience Sampling Method or beeper-method Random pop-up questions showed actual fluctuations in moods during the day, which cannot be seen based on a general estimation at the end of a fieldwork day Respondents enjoyed Reality mining potential: camera, GPS tracking, receipt scanning, outside temperatures, music recognition Special app has great advantage over accessing a web page Caution: privacy

Subjective Well-being September 21, 2018

Responses from 11 Countries United Kingdom 2015 Norway 2011 Italy 2009 2014 Finland 2010 Germany 2013 France 2010 Netherlands 2013 Hungary 2010 Poland 2013 Australia 2006 Republic of Moldova 2012

Approach to the Measurement of Subjective Well-being Countries Questions on general issues such as health, satisfaction with time spent AUS FRA GBR HUN MDA NLD POL Questions on time pressure or stress AUS DEU HUN MDA NLD Most pleasant activity of the day DEU FIN NOR Any particularly positive/ negative activity in the day NOR Pleasant/ unpleasant about each activity FRA GBR POL Ranking of feelings -3 … +3 for each activity ITA Paying for gardening if money wasn’t an issue AUS

Item Response Rate of Questions in Individual Questionnaire, % France 99 Republic of Moldova Italy 90+ Germany 47 … 100 Hungary 40 … 100 United Kingdom promising Germany 47% For which activities do you wish to have had more time? Hungary 40% Question on restrictions to those with chronic illness

Diary Response Rate; Time Spent on Diary Not known or minimal effect compared to a diary without subjective well-being questions

Provisional Conclusions Emerging experience with light surveys somewhat encouraging, but no replacement to full-scale surveys Great potential of new technologies Subjective measures indispensable for measuring well-being; analysis of the utility of assessing each activity vs summary questions required (No in-depth analysis yet)

What Next? Collection of further experience, including more in-depth reports To have clearer conclusions for HETUS, specific pilot studies may be needed